Jerry Brown: Trump's 'gross ignorance' main obstacle in climate change fight

杰瑞·布朗：特朗普的“严重无知”是气候变化斗争中的主要障碍

▌ 部分素材来源于《卫报》，世界播团队翻译

California governor is taking the lead in confronting planet’s ‘existential challenge’ and signs bill for carbon-free power by 2045

加州州长率先应对地球的“生存挑战”，并签署了无碳能源法案直到2045年。

Governor Jerry Brown discusses legislation he signed directing California to phase out fossil fuels for electricity by 2045. Photograph: Rich Pedroncelli/AP

州长杰里·布朗讨论他签署的一项法案，该法案指示加州在2045年之前逐步淘汰化石燃料发电。图片：富佩德隆塞利/美联社

Jerry Brown, California’s governor, has accused Donald Trump of “gross ignorance” over climate change as he made his most sweeping actions yet to rid the world’s fifth largest economy of fossil fuels.

加州州长杰里·布朗指责唐纳德·特朗普对气候变化“极度无知”，他采取了迄今最全面的行动，以消除这个全球第五大经济体的化石燃料。

Brown not only signed a bill that calls for 100% of the state’s electricity to come from carbon-free sources by 2045 but also penned an executive order demanding that California completely eliminate net emissions across its economy, including transport and agriculture, by the same year.

布朗不仅签署了一项法案，要求到2045年该州100%的电力采取无碳来源，而且还签署了一项行政命令，要求加州在同年前完全消除整个经济领域的净排放，包括交通和农业。

The order, which cites “historic droughts, devastating storms, torrential storms, extreme heat … and threats to human health”, requires California pull more greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere than it puts in by 2046, using vegetation and new technologies.

该法案引用了“历史上的干旱，毁灭性的风暴，暴雨，极端炎热的等对人类健康的威胁”，要求加州利用植被和新技术，在2046年之前将更多的温室气体从大气中抽取出来。

Brown told the Guardian that California was taking the lead globally in confronting an issue that’s an “existential challenge” to the planet and claimed that Trump was the main obstacle to further progress.

布朗在接受《卫报》采访时表示，加州在全球范围内率先应对一个对地球来说是“生存挑战”的问题，并声称特朗普是进一步取得进展的主要障碍。

“I don’t believe Trump represents the present but he has the power, he has the Republicans hook, line and sinker,” he said. “His unabashed acolytes will follow him over the cliff. Gross ignorance is dangerous. The battle is with Trump – that’s the number one fight. But once he’s out of there, dealing with climate change will still be a fight.”

他说：“我不认为特朗普代表现在的主流，但他有权力，他有共和党人的钩子、线和下沉球。”“他那不知廉耻的随从会跟着他下悬崖。严重的无知是危险的。这是与特朗普的斗争，这是第一场战斗。但一旦他离开总统宝座，应对气候变化仍将是一场斗争。

The Trump administration has sought to dismantle emissions rules for coal-fired power plants and loosen fuel efficiency standards for cars and trucks, targeting California’s ability to set stricter vehicle regulations than the rest of the country.

特朗普政府试图废除燃煤发电厂的排放法规，并放宽汽车和卡车的燃油效率标准，目标是让加州有能力制定比美国其他地区更严格的车辆法规。

Brown has set a target of 5m electric cars on California’s roads but said “at the rate we’re going they will be made by Chinese companies and that will principally be the fault of Donald Trump. The American auto industry is on the chopping block at at the moment he is chopping it into oblivion.”

布朗设定了加州道路上500万辆电动汽车的目标，但他表示：“按我们目前的速度，电动汽车将由中国企业制造，这将主要是唐纳德·特朗普的错。他说：“美国的汽车工业目前正处于断流之中，他正在把它砍得一干二净。”

The vision of carbon neutrality and the banishment of fossil fuels set out by Brown has taken aback even some environmentalists in a state that is a major oil and gas producer, as well as the nation’s agricultural heavyweight.

布朗提出的驱逐碳中和化和化石燃料的愿景，甚至让一个主要以石油和天然气生产国以及国家农业重量级的一些环保人士也感到吃惊。

California will look to soak up carbon through expanded forests, at a time when enormous wildfires are a growing blight on the state, or inject carbon underground or in algal blooms – a technological challenge that has yet to be proven at scale.

加州将寻求通过扩张的森林吸收碳物质，而此时，巨大的野火正成为该州日益严重的疫病，或者将碳注入地下或藻花中，这是一个尚未大规模证明的技术挑战。

“Places like Sweden and Costa Rica have had those kind of pledges but California is the fifth largest economy in the world,” said Nigel Purvis, who oversaw environmental diplomacy at the state department under the Clinton and George W Bush administrations. “This is historic. It’s a really major step. Jerry Brown has been one of America’s great climate leaders.”

“像瑞典和哥斯达黎加这样的国家已经做出了这样的承诺，但加州是世界上第五大经济体，”在克林顿和乔治·W·布什政府领导下负责国务院环境外交的奈杰尔·珀维斯说。“这是历史性的。这是非常重要的一步。杰里·布朗是美国伟大的气候领袖之一。”

Now entering the twilight of his second spell as governor, Brown has forged a reputation for environmentalism, bringing in one of the first ever tax incentives for rooftop solar during his first period as the state’s chief executive, which ran from 1975 to 1983.

如今，布朗已进入第二任州长任期的最后时期，在1975年至1983年担任该州首席执行官期间，他为屋顶太阳能带来了有史以来第一批税收激励措施之一，这使他在环境保护主义方面树立了声誉。

His second stint as governor, which began in 2011, has seen Brown throw himself at the issue of climate change, overseeing a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels during a period of strong economic growth by implementing a carbon-trading scheme that recently expanded in scope to help prevent deforestation overseas.

布朗第二次担任州长是在2011年，他致力于解决气候变化问题，在经济强劲增长期间，他通过实施一项碳交易计划，将温室气体排放量降至1990年的水平。该计划最近扩大了碳交易的范围，以帮助防止海外的森林砍伐。

Latterly, his tenure has brought him into diametric opposition to Trump. Brown has compared the president’s climate policies to falling off the top of the Empire State Building and said California will “launch its own damn satellite” if Trump hobbles Nasa’s climate research.

最近，他的任期使他与特朗普成了政治立场截然相反的对手。布朗将总统的气候政策比作从帝国大厦的顶端坠落，并表示如果特朗普阻碍美国宇航局的气候研究，加州将“发射自己的卫星”。

“He has pushed back the shallow narrative that you can’t grow the economy while cutting carbon pollution,” said Benjamin Houlton, director of the University of California Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment. “He’s shown that’s false. He’s set a model that can transform other countries.”

加州大学戴维斯约翰·穆尔环境研究所所长本杰明·霍尔顿表示：“他已经摒弃了那种肤浅的说法，即在减少碳污染的同时不能增加经济发展。（加州州长）证明了这是一个错误的言论，他树立了一个可以改变其他国家的榜样。”

Brown has been assailed on the right by Republicans, who have claimed his targets are unfeasible and will raise the cost of electricity in the state, as well as some on the left who complain that he has been too willing to appease around oil and gas companies and has failed to phase out drilling in California.

布朗受到了右翼共和党人的抨击，共和党人声称他的目标是不可行的，将提高该州的电力成本，还有一些左翼人士抱怨称，他太愿意安抚石油和天然气公司，而且未能逐步停止在加州的钻探活动。

Last week, Brown’s move to stop the Trump administration attempts to allow drilling off California’s coast was dismissed as “pure theater” by May Boeve, executive director of climate campaign group 350.org. “The governor says ‘not here, not now’, but he’s permitted more than 20,000 new oil and gas wells up and down California during his tenure,” she added.

她补充说：上周，布朗阻止特朗普政府试图允许在加州海岸进行钻探的举动，被气候活动集团350.org的执行董事博伊夫斥为“纯粹的闹剧”。“州长说‘不是这里，不是现在’，但他已经允许超过2万新的石油和天然气在他的任期内在加州上下活动”。

Further concerns have been raised over the stubbornly poor air quality in parts of the state, a problem that’s a particular burden for communities of colour that live near highways and industrial facilities such as oil refineries.

对于该州部分地区空气质量极差的问题，人们提出了更多的担忧，这对居住在高速公路和炼油厂等工业设施附近的有色人种来说是一个特别沉重的负担。

“The critical question now is whether the transition to 100% renewable energy will be a just transition that benefits everyone, especially workers and communities most impacted by pollution and climate change,” said Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, which is based in the Bay Area.

“现在的关键问题是，向100%可再生能源的过渡是否是一个公正的过渡，能否让每个人都受益，特别是受污染和气候变化影响最大的工人和社区，”总部位于湾区的亚太环境网络的执行主任米娅·吉谷说。

Brown himself has echoed the desire for a quickening of pace given the threats California faces – a recent report found the state is set for a major increase in temperatures and sea level, thousands of extra deaths and the loss of two-thirds of its beaches by the end of this century.

布朗本人也表示，考虑到加州面临的威胁，希望加州加快步伐。最近的一份报告发现，到本世纪末，加州的气温和海平面将大幅上升，数千人死亡，三分之二的海滩将丧失。

This urgency will be spelled out in a major climate summit held in San Francisco this week, as mayors, business leaders and activists from around the world assemble in what will be the largest, and last, gathering on the issue hosted by Brown before he retires to the family ranch.

本周在旧金山举行的一次重大气候峰会将阐明这一紧迫性，届时，来自世界各地的市长、商界领袖和活动人士将在布朗退休后回到家庭农场之前举行规模最大、也是最后一次就这一问题召开会议。

“Transformation is not for wimps,” he said. “Yes it’s difficult but we are moving at a pace greater than any country. Is it too slow? Yes, but we’re doing everything we can.

他说：“懦夫是不会变革的。”“是的，这是困难的，但我们正在以比任何国家都快的速度前进。是不是太慢了？是的，但我们在尽我们所能。”

“My legacy is restoring my great-grandfather’s ranch. In 10 years there will be a whole new grid, a whole new political class.”

“我的遗产是恢复我曾祖父的牧场。十年后将会有一个全新的格局，一个全新的政治阶层。”