倒装高考是必考的热点，也是作文高分神器之一。倒装有两种情况：部分倒装(主语和助动词倒置)和全部倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置)。之所以使用倒装，一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。

一、为了句子意义的需要。也就是为了强调句子的某一内容，并使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况:

1.句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词(如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等)，为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。如:

Here comes the train to Beijing.

去北京的火车来了。

There goes the bell.铃响了。

Down came the rain.下雨了。

但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。如:

Away he comes.他来了。

Here it comes.它来了。

2.为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:

At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.

校长坐在大厅的前部。

In this paragraph can be found an answer.

在这段里能找到答案。

3.为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:

Only then did we realize that the man was blind.

直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。

4.将含有否定意义的副词(never，seldom，not，little，hardly ， seldom， scarcely， barely， little， at no time， not only 等)置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:

Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。

5.为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:

Not a word did he say at the last meeting.

在上次会议上他一句话都没说。

6. Hardly…when，no sooner…than，not only…but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。

如: No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.

她刚一说完，泪水便夺眶而出。（后一个句子语序不变）

He opened the box and out jumped a frog. 他打开盒子，从里面跳出一只青蛙来。（前一个句子语序不变）

Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。

No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

我刚刚离开家就下雨了。

但neither/not…nor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如:

Neither do I know her address，nor does he.

我不知道她的地址，他也不知道.

Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink.

那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。

7.在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。如:

So moved was she that she could not say a word.

她激动得一句话也说不出来。

在“so+副词…that分句”结构中，如将“so+副词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。如:

So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想象。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。

So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。

8. as, though 引导的部分倒装

as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意：

1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：

Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)

Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a)

Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)

Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首)

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。

注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

9. 倒装还可把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加紧密，起到承上启下的作用。例如：

They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor,dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室，发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are,and paupers we shall remain.

我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

二、由于语法结构的需要使用倒装。常见于下列句型:

1.“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如:

I was late and so was she.

我迟到了，她也迟到了。

They loveshavingslots of friends，so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。

2.“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如：

She won't go. Neither/Nor will I.

她不走，我也不。

I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim).

我不会游泳，他也不会。

3.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语前，作部分或完全倒装。

Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.

若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。

Should you require anything give me a ring.

如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。

Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.

要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。

注意：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：

Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。

Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨，我们就不会去打篮球了。

=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.

Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.如果我准备充分了，就不会失去这份工作了

=If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.

Were I you, I would try it again.

=If I were you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。

4.表示存在的句型“There be+主语”也属于倒装句之列。如:

There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.

5. 在通常情况下，介词短语置于句置时其后的句子是不用倒装的。如：

At the end there may be an index. 结尾处可能有索引。

On the platform she kissed her mother. 她在月台上吻了她的母亲。

Before the meeting I looked through the reports. 开会前我把报告看了一遍。

From the balloon we could see the town far below. 从热气球上我们可以看到下方远处的小镇。

■ 但是，有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将用作地点状语的介词短语置于句首，此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及动词(如crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come, die, go, run, live, rise等)。如：

On the door hung a big sign. 门上挂着一个大招牌。

Over the wall came a shower of stones. 从墙上飞来一阵石块。

Round the comer came Mrs Porter. 波特夫人在拐角上出现了。

On the top of the hill stood an old castle. 山丘上有一座古堡。

Under the road run pipes for gas and water. 在马路下面铺着煤气管道和自来水管。

Before them lay miles of undulating moorland. 他们前面是一片高低起伏的荒原。

■ 少数情况下，及物动词的被动语态有时也可以倒装。如：

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。

■ 另外，有时用于句首的介词短语也可能是句子表语，此时要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：

In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

6. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”：

（ 1 ）形容词＋连系动词＋主语

Present at the meeting were Mr Li， Mr Wang and many other teachers.

出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。

（ 2 ）过去分词＋连系动词＋主语

Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.

我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。

（ 3 ）介词短语＋ be ＋主语

Among the goods are books， exercise-books， pens and some other things.

在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。

倒装句的一些经典例句：

1.How long have you been here?

你来这儿多长时间了?

2.What do you think about the movie?

你认为这场电影怎么样?

3.Why doesn’t he come here?

他为什么没来这儿?

4.Neither do I know him.

我也不认识他.

5.No word did he say before he left.

他一句话没说就走了.

6.Little did I know about it.

我对它了解得不多.

7.Not only did he come,but also he brought us good news.

他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。

8.Often did he come here with a good smile on his face.

他来这里时，脸上挂着笑容。

9.Only when I got there did I know the truth.

我只有到那里时才知道事情的真相。

10.Only in the morning can you meet him.

你只有在早晨见到他。

11.Only Li Lei can answer this question.

只有李蕾能回答这个问题。

12.Old as / though he is,he works like a young man.

尽管他很老了，但他工作起来却像个年轻人。

13.Hard as / though he was working,he didn’t pass the exam.

虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。

14.Try again as / though he will,he can’t succeed.

尽管他还会再试一试，但是它不会成功。

15.Swim as / though he can,he can’t swim so far.

尽管他会游泳，但是他游不得那么远。

16.Run as / though he did,he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus.

虽然他跑，但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。

17.In the classroom as / though he stays,he doesn’t read his texts.

尽管他呆在教室里，但他不读书。

18.Carefully as / though he worked,he made some mistakes.

尽管他工作很细心，但还是除了一些差错。

19.May you have a good journey.

祝你旅途愉快。

20.He has been to Canada. So have I.

他去过加拿大，我也去过。

21.You can't speak French. Neither can she.

你不会说法语，她也不会。

22. They arrived at a small village， in front of which was a big river.

他们来到一个小村庄，村庄前面是条大河。

23.　Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.

在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室。

24. Young as he is ， he knows a lot.

他虽然很年轻，但知道很多。

25.Try as he would， he might failed again.

他虽然可以试试，可能还会失败。

26.Only in the way can we learn English well.

只有这样我们才能学好英语。

27.　Only then did he know he was wrong.

直到那时他才知道他错了。

28.Never shall I do this again. 我绝不会再做此事。

29.　Seldom does he come late. 他很少迟到。

30.So young is the boy that he can't join the army.

这孩子没到参军的年龄。

31.So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.

他跑得快得能跟上自行车。