摘要：Until earlier this year, I didn’t know anything about theAlexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backacheI regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that thepreferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they’ll go away,but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, “You actuallyhave bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique.” Threemonths later I could walk straighter and sit better.。这样做的好处是，你可以避免因为没有跟进别人期望你做的事情而感到尴尬——告诉每个人你要开始慢跑会让你更有可能这么做。

北京市朝阳区高三二模

英语

2019.5

本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

刘凯老师题型分析：

语法填空：共有三个文段，每个文段含3-4个空格，共10个空格，考查动词时态、语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，名词从句，名词，形容词，介词等语法。作为新题型，本次练习延续了“新题型不难”这一定律，甚至可以说非常简单。

A

My trip to Paris was somemorable. First of all, the hotel was fantastic. It overlooked the Seine, thefamous river I __1__ (read) about in so many poems. We listened to the laughterof the children and watched the river run by __2__ (slow) below. Next,Montmartre was a wonderful place for painters. The air was filled with thesounds of happy people and the smell of paint. __3__ I enjoyed most were thecafes. There I had a cup of coffee and watched people on the street. Everyonehad a sense of style.

我的巴黎之行令人难忘。首先，这家酒店很棒。它俯瞰塞纳河，那是我在许多诗歌中读到过的著名河流。我们听着孩子们的笑声，看着下面的河水慢慢地流过。其次，蒙马特高地对画家来说是一个美妙的地方。空气中充满了快乐的人们的声音和油漆的味道。我最喜欢的是咖啡馆。在那里，我喝了一杯咖啡，看着街上的人们。每个人都有自己的风格。

B

Football is a popular sport with fans all over theworld. There is, however, an indoor version of the game __4__ (know) as “tablefootball”. It was invented in 1921 and people__5__(get) great pleasure from it since then. The game is played on a special table.Players control their “team” by turning sticks, to which the “players” areattached. As in real football, __6__ (point) will be awarded when putting theball in the other players’ goal. Table football requires using hands and eyestogether excellently, which is really exciting.

足球是一项受全世界球迷欢迎的运动。然而，有一种室内版本的足球被称为“桌上足球”。它是1921年发明的，从那时起人们就从中得到了很大的乐趣。游戏是在一张特殊的桌子上进行的。玩家通过转动木棍来控制他们的“团队”，而“玩家”则依附在木棍上。就像在真正的足球比赛中一样，当你把球踢进其他球员的球门时，你会得到分数。桌上足球需要双手和眼睛很好地配合，这是非常令人兴奋的。

C

Shark attacks can be deadly,but they are not common. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 peopleworldwide, and about 100 people __7__ (injure). You are more likely to beattacked in parts of the sea __8__ tourists throw in food to bring in sharks.However, people are dangerous to sharks, too. 60 million sharks are killed __9__food and medicine every year. As a result, some kinds of sharks may die out completely.__10__ (protect) these wonderful animals, some countries have made programs tohelp them survive.

鲨鱼袭击是致命的，但并不常见。在世界范围内，鲨鱼每年杀死的人通常不到10人，大约100人受伤。你更有可能在游客扔食物来吸引鲨鱼的海域受到攻击。然而，人类对鲨鱼也是危险的。每年有六千万只鲨鱼被捕杀作为食物和药物。因此，一些种类的鲨鱼可能会完全灭绝。为了保护这些奇妙的动物，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。

第一节参考答案：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

1.had read；

2. slowly；

3. What；

4. known；

5. have got；

6.points；

7. are injured；

8. where；

9.for；

10.To protect；

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The sandwich man

三明治的人

Michael rises every morning at 4:00, in good and badweather, and walks into his sandwich shop. By 5:50, he’s making the rounds ofthe shelters on Centre Streets. He __11__ out 200 sandwiches to the homeless,before beginning his workday.

无论天气好坏，迈克尔每天早上4点起床，走进他的三明治店。5点50分，他开始在中心大街上的避难所巡视。在开始工作之前，他给无家可归的人分发了200个三明治。

It started 20 years ago when Michael came across ahomeless man named John. He began to help him __12__ effort then. Day afterday, he brought John some food and, when it was really __13__, a resting placein his car while he worked. Once he asked John if he wanted to get cleaned up.It was a(n) __14__ offer, because Michael thought John would refuse. __15__,John said, “Are you going to wash me?” Michael knew that he was looking at a __16__of his promise. It was at the moment that Michael __17__ to help the homeless.

Michael began his work. He received no sponsorship,saying, “I’m not getting media __18__. I just want to do some good in my way. Thereare days when it’s snowing, and I have a hard time leaving my warm bed and the __19__of my family to go downtown with sandwiches. But I’ve __20__.”

Michael makes 200 sandwiches every day for the past 20years. “I don’t simply __21__ the sandwiches on a table for the homeless topick up. I shake their hands and __22__ them a good day,” says Michael. OnceMayor (市长) Koch came to make the rounds with him. They __23__the media, and it seemed like it was just the two of them. But of all Michael’s__24__, working side by side with the Mayor was not as important as workingnext to someone else…

A man had __25__ from the sandwich takers, and Michaelthought about him from time to time. He hoped the man had moved on to a more __26__environment. One day, the man came back, greeting Michael and __27__ sandwichesof his own to hand out. He said Michael’s daily food, warm handshakes andwishes had given him the __28__ he badly needed. After achieving some success,he decided to do the same thing as Michael.

The moment needed no __29__. The two men workedsilently, side by side, handing out their sandwiches. It was another day on CentreStreets, but a day with just a little more __30__.

11.A. picks B. sets C. gives D.finds

12.A. with B.around C.from D.over

13.A. sunny B. warm C.cloudy D.cold

14.A. silly B.empty C.crazy D.free

15.A. Fortunately B.Disappointedly C. Surprisingly D.Thankfully

16.A. test B.gift C.trick D.view

17.A. demanded B. agreed C.pretended D. determined

18.A. benefit B.attention C.sympathy D.information

19.A. comfort B. wealth C. value D. honor

20.A. suffered B. hesitated C.managed D.wondered

21.A. check B. lay C.match D.cover

22.A. witness B. predict C. follow D.wish

23.A. ignored B. blamed C. confirmed D.handled

24.A. situations B.memories C. schedules D. professions

25.A. escaped B. volunteered C. disappeared D.survived

26.A. competitive B. complex C.familiar D. stable

27.A. carrying B. seeking C.occupying D. treating

28.A. responsibility B. permission C.encouragement D. achievement

29.A. purpose B.dialogue C. relief D. doubt

30.A. luck B.fun C. pride D. hope

爱心三明治

原文章来源与出处

迈克尔·渴攀里斯蒂亚诺在纽约市的一家法院供职。不论刮风下雨、阴晴冷暖，，也不管是工作日还是节假日，他总会在每天早晨4点起床，走进自己的三明治作坊。不。他并非熟食店老板，那只是他家的私人厨房，里面摆放着各式三明治馅料。他做的三明治已经小有名气，不过只为那些极需靠它们抵御饥饿的人熟知。早晨5点50分，他往返于中心街和拉斐特街的临时漂泊汉之家，那一带靠近纽约市政厅。一会儿工夫，他已送出200只三明治，力求在上班前赞助尽可能多的漂泊汉，然后赶往法院开始一天的工作。

一切始于20年前的一次善举，他为一个名叫约翰的漂泊汉买了杯咖啡和一只面包卷。从此，迈克尔日复一日地为约翰送去三明治、奶茶和衣物。最初，迈克尔只是想做件好事。

但有一天，一个声音在他脑海中响起。催促他采取进一步举动。迈克尔回忆道，“我意识到自己身上有种使命，我信任它是我一切举动的内在动力。”

迈克尔想到了制作三明治，就这样，他开始了自己的使命。他没有接受任何企业的援助，他说：“我并不是想发起什么能载入史册或吸引媒体眼球的慈善创举。我只是想尽自己微薄之力做些好事，日复一日地坚持下去。但这的确是我力所能及的：从今天做起，从我做起。”

“遇到滴水成冰的下雪天，我实在不愿离开暖和的被窝和舒适的家，去市区送三明治。可每当此刻，那个声音又会在心里不住地催促，令我不得不起身举动。”

过去20年来，迈克尔每天都要做200只三明治。他解释说：“我分发三明治的时候，不是单单把它们摆在桌上让仁攀来拿。我会直视每个人，和他们握手，向他们送上一天的祝愿。每个人在我眼里都很首要。我没有把他们当成‘漂泊汉’，我只把他们看作需要食物充饥的人，他们需要一个鼓励的微笑，需要人和人之间美好情感的交流与传递。”

“一次，科赫市长跟我一起去派发三明治。他没有邀请媒体，就我们俩。”迈克尔说。与市长并肩工作固然难忘，但更令迈克尔难以忘记的，却是与另一个人的合作……

常来取用三明治的漂泊汉行列里少了一个熟识的身影，迈克尔常常惦记着他。他盼望这个人的处境已经好转。一天，这个人出现了。面貌焕然一新，穿着整洁、保暖的衣服，胡子刮得干洁净净，还带来了自己预备分发的三明治。迈克尔每天递送的新鲜食物、暖人心怀的握手、眼神中传递的关爱和声声祝福给了这个人愿望和鼓励，这些正是他极为需要的。每天能感受到作为人的尊严，而不是被编入“另册”，他的人生因此被改写了。

此刻无需任何言语。两人肩并肩、默默无声地忙碌着，分送着他们的三明治。纽约街头又迎来了新的一天，所不同的是，这一天也承载了一份新的愿望。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

31. What is the advantage of Fineways’ new foodlabels?

A. They provide extra nutritionalinformation.

B. They warn customers aboutunhealthy foods.

C. They show differentcustomers’ nutritional needs.

D. They remind customers ofthe harm of unbalanced nutrition.

32. According to the passage, the new labellingsystem can help to ______.

A. reduce the amount of foodyou take

B. follow GDAs by mixingvarious foods

C. make your choice of moredelicious food

D. satisfy the growingdemands for nutrition

33. Where is the passage mostprobably taken from?

A.A dinner menu. B. Aresearch report.

C. A fashionmagazine. D. An advicebrochure.

B

Openwater swimming

Openwater（开放水域）游泳

I had only swum in open water a few times, and alwaysin gentle lakes, so I wasn’t prepared for how rough Lake Windermere appeared ona cold day. A swimmer told me the water felt colder than it had been measured,and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000 others, was aboutto complete the challenge.

Most of the people taking part were doing a one-milerace, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. There seemed to be a mix ofopen-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners—which is precisely the aimof the swims, to get as many people as possible completing their own challenge.The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongsidea man who last year had swum in every one-mile race.

I had chosen the third one-mile race of the day. Therewere over 600 people in my race. We were taken through an acclimatization area,a children’s paddling pool-sized part of the lake where we moved in to feel howcold the water was. “Not too bad” was everyone’s thought! Then we headed outtowards the middle of the lake.

We’d been warned that the first 100 metres would bereally rough. However, somewhere near the 750m mark I was still waiting for thecalm; it felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. I tried to focus on mybreathing and technique, and just keep going. As I approached the 400m-to-gomark my lower right leg became painful. I recalled overhearing people talkingabout how they kept swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it didn’t work.I began to feel the entire leg tight and painful. I didn’t want to stop, so I bentmy right knee and just kicked with the left leg.

Finally I saw the finishing post, and I just concentratedon getting there—still one-legged. My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 secondsbut that didn’t matter—the atmosphere was fantastic and everyone felt a senseof achievement, whatever their time. I’m hooked, and want to give it anothergo. I’ve already signed up for my next open-water swim.

我只在开阔的水域游泳过几次，而且总是在温和的湖泊里游泳，所以我没有想到温德米尔湖会在寒冷的日子里变得如此波涛汹涌。一位游泳者告诉我，水感觉比测量的要冷，而且水有点粗糙。但是我，和其他10000个人，即将完成这个挑战。

大多数参加比赛的人都在做一英里的比赛，周末计划了10场比赛。似乎有一群开放水域的爱好者和完整的初学者——这正是游泳的目的，让尽可能多的人完成他们自己的挑战。世界上年龄最大的女子77岁，参加了两英里的游泳比赛，和她一起参加比赛的还有一名男子，他去年参加了每一英里的游泳比赛。

我选择了今天的第三次一英里赛跑。有600多人参加了我的比赛。我们被带到了一个适应环境的区域，这是一个儿童戏水池大小的湖的一部分，我们搬进来感受水有多冷。“还不错”是每个人的想法!然后我们向湖中央走去。

有人警告过我们，头100米将极其艰难。然而，在750米大关附近的某个地方，我还在等着这辆车;感觉更像是在海里游泳，而不是在湖里。我试着专注于我的呼吸和技巧，然后继续。当我接近400米远的戈马克时，我的右腿下部开始疼痛。我记得我无意中听到人们谈论他们是如何在痛苦中坚持游泳的，所以我试了一下。但是没有成功。我开始感到整条腿又紧又痛。我不想停下来，所以我弯曲了右膝盖，用左腿踢了一脚。

最后，我看到了终点，我只是集中注意力——仍然是一条腿。我的结束时间是38分25秒，但这并不重要——气氛非常棒，每个人都感到了成就感，无论他们的时间。我上瘾了，想再试一次。我已经报名参加下一次的公开水域游泳。

34. Howdid the author feel before the race?

A. Scared of the most challenging race.

B. Disappointed by the difficult conditions.

C. Concerned about the other swimmers in the race.

D. Determined to be as tough as the people around her.

35. Whydoes the author mention the two people in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress the importance of the race.

B. To praise the experienced swimmers.

C. To show the wide range of the participants.

D. To introduce the various events of the race.

36. The authorsuggests in Paragraph 4 that ______.

A. the race would cause breathing problems

B. the race became harder than she had expected

C. it was reallynecessary to prepare for tough swims

D. it would have been easier if she had taken others’advice

37. Whatdoes the author talk about in the last paragraph?

A. Her confidence in her own ability.

B. Her pride in having swum so quickly.

C. Her eagerness to repeat the experience.

D. Her surprise at having managed to finish.

C

The Alexander technique

亚历山大技术

Until earlier this year, I didn’t know anything about theAlexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backacheI regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that thepreferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they’ll go away,but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, “You actuallyhave bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique.” Threemonths later I could walk straighter and sit better.

The Alexander technique is away of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. Theteaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your bodyless severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with lesseffort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart theAlexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typicallesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand withminimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent tostraighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves yourarms and legs to train you to move them correctly.

The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulatedover years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is anexample of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carryour heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriateposture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go ofthe muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural placeon the top of our spines.

So who was Alexander and how did he come up with thetechnique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in hisyouth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himselfand realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellentresults. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-trainingschool, which is still successful today.

So if you’re walking along the road one day withshoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thoughtto the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.

直到今年早些时候，我对亚历山大技术一无所知，也没有理由认为我应该知道。有一天，我经常遭受的背痛更加痛苦。在我成长的过程中，我一直认为治疗疼痛最好的方法就是什么都不做，希望疼痛会消失，但我最终还是去看了医生。在检查了我之后，他说:“你的姿势确实不好。去学亚历山大的技巧吧。“三个月后，我可以走得更直，坐得更好。

亚历山大法是一种学习如何摆脱体内有害紧张的方法。教学重点放在颈部、头部和背部。它训练你不那么严格地使用你的身体，并且以更少的努力完成我们一直在做的动作。这些课程本身并没有付出多少努力，这使得亚历山大健身法有别于瑜伽或普拉提。典型的课程包括站在椅子前，用最少的努力学习坐和站。你花一些时间躺在长凳上，膝盖弯曲，伸直脊柱，放松身体，同时老师移动你的胳膊和腿，训练你正确地移动它们。

这种方法有助于打破多年积累的坏习惯。试着用与平常相反的方式折叠手臂。这是身体形成的一种很难改掉的习惯。我们中的许多人都把脑袋抬得太远了。头部重4到6公斤，所以任何不合适的姿势都会给身体带来问题。这项技术教会你放松支撑头部的肌肉，让它回到脊柱顶端的自然位置。

那么亚历山大是谁，他是怎么想出这种方法的呢?出生于1869年的澳大利亚演员弗雷德里克·亚历山大(Frederick Alexander)年轻时发现自己在表演中有嗓音问题。他分析了自己，意识到自己的姿势不好。他努力改进，取得了优异的成绩。他把自己的技术带到伦敦，开办了一所教师培训学校，至今仍很成功。

所以，如果有一天你走在路上，双肩前倾，感到烦恼的重压，想想亚历山大的技巧吧。它会帮助你重新站起来。

38. What does the author suggestin Paragraph 1?

A.She felt no better after the treatment.

B.She got bored with the Alexander technique.

C.She was sceptical about the doctor’s method.

D.She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.

39. What is the principle of theAlexander technique?

A.Physical tension shouldn’t be completely relieved.

B.The technique shouldn’t be combined with other exercises.

C.The practice of the technique shouldn’t be attempted alone.

D.Familiar physical actions shouldn’t be done with much effort.

40. What can we learn aboutFrederick Alexander?

A.He managed to recover his vocal powers.

B.He was eager to make a name for himself.

C.He developed a form of exercise for actors.

D.He had to leave home to develop his technique.

41. What is the main idea of thepassage?

A.The occurrence of back pain is widespread.

B.Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.

C.The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.

D.People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.

D

Don’tput it off, do it now!

不要拖延，现在就做!

Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobsthat have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting thingsoff like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; weavoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else.

“Weoften put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” saysDr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun,we’d just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as thepaperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits ofyour home that people can’t see. But the fact is, the less peopleprocrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have,and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples whodon’t argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people whosimply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.

Ofcourse, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around usdaily. “We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights toofar in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciatelong-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doingexercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes muchlater.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are thelimbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex,which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-termtemptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbicsystem.

Let’stake the example of students’ writing essays. They should set themselvestargets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endlesstasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends suchtechniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline”makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you’ll avoidthe embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you todo—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely todo so.

Overcomingprocrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful,becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything inplace. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steelsays. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead,plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivityby cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus onmoving forward.

为什么我们花那么多时间不去做我们应该做的工作，或者拖延那些堆积成大问题的小工作?拖延，像这样的事情被称为拖延，是我们与生俱来的性格;我们避免枯燥或困难的工作，直到为时已晚。

“我们经常拖延，尽管我们知道这会让生活更有压力，”斯蒂尔博士说，他是动机科学方面的权威。“如果这些任务很有趣，我们现在就去做。我们会推迟一些困难或不愉快的事情，比如离开办公室前需要做的文书工作，或者打扫家里那些人们看不到的地方。但事实是，拖延的人越少，他们拥有的钱就越多，他们的人际关系就越好，他们也就越健康。这一点很明显，当你看看那些夫妻，他们不会为是否有人打扫过厨房而争吵，他们只是去跑步，而不是无休止地在脑子里重新安排时间。

当然，我们其他人也有这种感觉，他们觉得每天身边的小工作堆积如山。斯蒂尔博士补充说:“我们已经进化到对当下做出反应，而不是把目光放在一个不确定的世界里太远。”“我们并不欣赏长期的回报，无论是四年学位、锻炼还是节食带来的好处。我们通常现在就能感觉到代价，而回报来得更晚。“斯蒂尔博士说，我们有两个决策系统。它们分别是负责短期的边缘脑区和负责未来的前额皮质。我们在长期目标和短期诱惑之间摇摆不定，所以我们需要能够将我们的计划转化为边缘系统的目标。

让我们以学生的作文为例。他们应该为自己设定目标和每天的字数。这样，这些任务就从看似无穷无尽的任务变成了具体的、可衡量的进展。斯蒂尔博士建议使用这些技巧，或者“预承诺”，并补充说，在“最后期限”前一个月给自己留出时间，会让任务更有可能完成。这样做的好处是，你可以避免因为没有跟进别人期望你做的事情而感到尴尬——告诉每个人你要开始慢跑会让你更有可能这么做。

克服拖延症最终归结于计划，如果你不小心，计划本身就会变成拖延症。但确保一切就绪是值得的。斯蒂尔博士说:“成功人士不会假装自己从不拖延。”“假装有意志力的人不那么成功。相反，要为拖延做好计划:把你的工作环境变成一座生产力的圣殿，把那些让你无法集中注意力的事情都清除掉，这样你才能真正专注于前进。

42. What does the author sayabout procrastination in Paragraph 1?

A.It is something many people can’t help.

B.It is an excuse people often use in public.

C.It is caused by the technology in people’s life.

D.It is more common when people have small jobs to do.

43. In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believesthat people who procrastinate should ______.

A.attempt to overcome their natural tendencies

B.take the advice of others in the same situation

C.be aware that their problem is relatively small

D.find out more about the way they make decisions

44. Why does Dr. Steel recommendmaking “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4?

A.They are an alternative to impossible goals.

B.They make challenges feel more manageable.

C.They are an effective way of impressing others.

D.They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.

45. What does the author do by sayingthe underlined sentence?

A.Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.

B.Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.

C.Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.

D.Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Films and computer games

电影及电脑游戏

In just a few decades the gaming industry has become muchbigger than the film business. What is called “interactive entertainment” makesmore money than Hollywood cinema. Is there any way of making films more appealingto people who like to play computer games?

在短短几十年里，游戏产业的规模已经远远超过了电影业。所谓的“互动娱乐”比好莱坞电影赚的钱还多。有没有什么办法能让电影更吸引那些喜欢玩电脑游戏的人?

Making a film out of a best-selling computer game canguarantee a large audience. ___46___ Nowadays films are made with similar ones.They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects as well. Gamingmarkets consist of science-fiction games, and film-makers have also set filmsin science-fiction worlds. ___47___ Any attempt to borrow more than the settingfrom a game is certain to fail.

Why do gamers feel disappointed by films based ontheir favorite games? One of the reasons is technical. Now everything can becomputer-produced. ___48___ However, filming a scene from 20 different cameraswould cost a fortune, so it simply isn’t done in the film version—leaving thegamers feeling that the film didn’t look as real as the computer game.

___49___ In a film the director doesn’t show you somethings to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. For example, youwouldn’t be interested in watching the film if you knew the identity of themurderer. But this is not true for computer games. When you play a game, youhave to do certain tasks to continue to the new level. ___50___ You are alwaysin control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. Youjust sit and watch.

There can be some interaction between films andcomputer games on different levels. For all the similarities betweentechnologies and special effects, we shouldn’t forget that a story and a game arefundamentally different.

A. Cameras matter in another sense, too.

B. The success of a game usually lies in the use ofspecial effects.

C. You can’t influence what happens at all in the computergames.

D. Computergames may show the action from a number of views easily.

E. The game has a good chance of being as successfulas the film on which it is based.

F. Youmust be able to have access to all the information in order to decide what todo next.

G. However, the difficulty for film producers appearsto be knowing where and when to stop.

A.相机在另一个意义上也很重要。

B.游戏的成功通常在于特效的运用。

C.你根本无法影响电脑游戏中所发生的一切。

D.电脑游戏可以很容易地从多个视图显示动作。

E.这款游戏很有可能像它所基于的电影一样成功。

F.你必须能够接触到所有的信息，以便决定下一步要做什么。

G.然而，对于电影制片人来说，困难似乎在于知道何时何地该停止拍摄。

参考答案：

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

46—50 BGDAF

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节 （15分）

假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下个月学校将到所在社区开展“美化家园”和“社区讲堂”两次志愿者活动。你班交换生Jim打算参加其中的一项活动，发来邮件咨询。请你给Jim回复一封邮件，内容包括：

1.推荐一项活动；

2.简述可做的事情；

3.表达愿望。

注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

刘凯老师参考范文答案：

Possibleversion 1:

Dear Jim,

I’mglad you’re interested in the voluntary activity next month. I suggest you takepart in the activity of beautifying our community.

Youcan help to pick up garbage and clean up small advertisements together with ourschoolmates, which will make the community cleaner and tidier. You can also helpto grow plants and flowers to beautify the community environment. With ourefforts the appearance of the community will be greatly improved and it’ll takeon a new look.

Throughthe activity you’ll contribute to our community and I’m sure you’ll have asense of belonging as a community member. I hope you’ll have a pleasantexperience.

Yours,

Li Hua

我很高兴你对下个月的志愿活动感兴趣。我建议你参加美化我们社区的活动。

你可以和同学们一起帮忙捡垃圾和清理小广告，这将使社区更干净整洁。你也可以帮助种植植物和鲜花，美化社区环境。随着我们的努力，社区的外观将大大改善，它将采取一个新的面貌。

通过这些活动，你将为我们的社区做出贡献，我相信你会有作为社区成员的归属感。我希望你能有一个愉快的经历。

Possibleversion 2:

Dear Jim,

I’mglad you’re interested in the voluntary activity next month. I advise you to bea volunteer of the community lecture room.

Youcan teach the community residents some daily spoken English and talk about thedifferences between western and Chinese cultures, which will develop theirknowledge and broaden their horizons. You can also introduce some popular APPs,such as Booking, to make their life more convenient.

I’msure you’ll be able to fully integrate into the community life through the activityand have a sense of belonging as a community member. I hope you’ll have apleasant experience.

Yours,

Li Hua

亲爱的吉姆,

我很高兴你对下个月的志愿活动感兴趣。我建议你做社区演讲室的志愿者。

你可以教社区居民一些日常英语口语，谈论中西方文化的差异，这将发展他们的知识，开阔他们的视野。你也可以引入一些流行的应用，比如预订，让他们的生活更方便。

我相信你将能够充分融入社区生活通过活动，并有一种归属感作为一个社区成员。我希望你能有一个愉快的经历。

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华。为迎接建国70周年，上个月学校组织了“祖国在我心中”主题知识竞赛。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你和同学们参加活动的完整过程，并以“ASignificant Event”为题，给校刊“英语角”投稿。词数不少于60。

A Significant Event

内容要点：1.得到通知2.上网查资料/听专家讲解；3.比赛；4.获奖；

刘凯老师：Onepossible version:

Lastmonth, our school organized a knowledge contest entitled “Motherland in MyHeart”, which proved to be a significant event.

Afterthe teacher announced the news, everyone was eager to participate. As we knewthe victory required careful preparation, we spent the following days workingon it. We surfed the Internet about the changes in different aspects, includingeconomy, culture, technology, and so on. We also invited an expert to deliver alecture on the development of our country during the past 70 years. Havinglearnt about these achievements, we felt so proud of our country and becamemore motivated for the contest. Finally came the big day. The competition wasfierce because every team was well-prepared. My classmates and I went to greatlengths and we answered every question confidently. After a few rounds, our teamfinally won the top prize. Holding the trophy and flowers, we cheered for oursuccess with great joy.

Wenot only felt satisfied with our team effort, but also learned much more about thesignificant changes in China.

一个重大事件

上个月，我们学校组织了一个名为“祖国在我心中”的知识竞赛，这被证明是一个重大的事件。

老师宣布这个消息后，每个人都踊跃参加。当我们知道胜利需要精心准备时，我们花了接下来的几天来努力。我们在网上浏览了不同方面的变化，包括经济、文化、技术等。我们还邀请了一位专家为我们介绍了我国70年来的建设情况。在了解到这些成就后，我们为我们的国家感到自豪，并对比赛有了更多的动力。终于到了那个重要的日子。比赛很激烈，因为每个队都做好了充分的准备。我和同学们竭尽全力，自信地回答了每一个问题。经过几轮比赛，我们队终于赢得了头奖。我们捧着奖杯和鲜花，为我们的成功欢呼雀跃。

我们不仅对团队的努力感到满意，而且对中国发生的重大变化也有了更多的了解。

北京市朝阳区高三二模

英语参考答案

2019. 5

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

11—15CADBC 16—20 ADBAC21—25 BDABC 26—30 DACBD

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

31—35 ABDDC 36—40 BCDDA 41—45 CAABC

第一节（15分）评分原则：1．本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。 4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5．词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。

各档次的给分范围和要求：

第一档

（13分－15分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。内容完整，条理清楚；交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用能力。完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档

（9分－12分）

基本完成了试题规定的任务。内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档

（4分－8分）

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。内容不完整；所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对写作内容的理解。

未能清楚地传达信息。

第四档

（1分－3分）

未完成试题规定的任务。写了少量相关信息；语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。

0分

未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

第二节（20分）评分原则：1．本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容要点的完整性、上下文的连贯性、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5．词数少于60，从总分中减去1分。

第一档

（18分－20分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖了所有内容要点；运用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇；语法或用词方面有个别错误，但为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；体现了较强的语言运用能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，所写内容连贯、结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档

（15分－17分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖了所有内容要点；运用的句式和词汇能满足任务要求；语法和用词基本准确，少许错误主要为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；使用了简单的语句间连接成分，所写内容连贯。达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档

（12分－14分）

基本完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖了内容要点；运用的句式和词汇基本满足任务要求；语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档

（6分－11分）

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚内容要点；所用句式和词汇有限；语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。未能清楚地传达信息。

第五档

（1分－5分）

未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容；句式单调、词汇贫乏；语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。

0分

未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

刘凯老师介绍：

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为华中师范大学汉语言文学。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。东城区及北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯老师将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。

曾多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验。

2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。

美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。

2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、写作。在2014、2015、2016、2017四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。

资深考研培训讲师；英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；六级考试阅卷组成员；

深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。

带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。

高考志愿规划师（2019.03）；家庭教育讲师（2018.09）；生涯规划师（2019.02）；国家素质拓展师（2019.01）；高考政策专家（2018.03）