1. rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不變的

2. significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial

3. approximately 將近-nearly, almost

4. proportion/ percentage 比例

5. be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，捲入，參與

6. induce [v] 引入，引導，引誘/ inductive [n] 歸納 >< deduce /deductive推斷

7. fortune/ destiny/ chances

8. deplete 開採完，耗盡/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾氣)排放/ exploit

9. complex 錯綜複雜的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，複雜的

10. capacity能力，容量/ competence （競爭）能力/ ability 能力（籠統的）

11. 確保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

12. solely/ merely/ only

13. a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花樣，品種/ a great rang 系列 of

14. pesticide 殺蟲/ suicide 自殺/ homicide/ murder殺人

15. believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16. 授權，委託：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 頭銜 + ment =right （權利）

17. purchase/ buy

18. ethnic 種族的/ ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =[n ]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work 輪班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21. constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22. circumstance 環境（社會 ）/ surroundings/ environment 環境（ 環保 ）背景 background 後臺 / settings後臺，佈景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）

23. notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的

24. 移民：immigrant (進來)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25. 興旺，繁榮；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行業）/flourishing

26. 神聖的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27. 有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 無毒的)

28. 致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29. 類似於：look like/ resemble

30. chronic長期的,慢性的— long-term 長期的

31. 網戀：virtual love/ cyber love

32. 網友：on-line /net/ cyber friend 上網（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/網吧

33. evolve-evolution 進化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉/ involve-involution 捲入，涉及

34. indicator/ predictor 表示詮釋，預測

35. indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36. therapist /expert/ specialist

37. 優點，長處，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38. commonest/ frequent

39. 未開發的，初級的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生產，製造/ degrade ->grade 等級/ deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下

41. 分類：category-categorize/ class-classify

42. consequence後果->影響/ subsequence緊跟其後/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency

43. clash 衝突（民族，種族）/crash 飛機墜毀

44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45. alternative=> 選擇性，代替性，輔助性

46. 孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔絕， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 絕緣，隔熱（體）

47. 缺點，不足之處：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48. 創新的，發明的，新穎的，創新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

49. neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，

50. ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure

51. communicate 溝通，傳達，通報

52. accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 適應，調整，3=hold 容納，4使…停靠

53. commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉獻 2 責任,義務

54. contribute to 導致 ~ result in /account for (佔據)導致

54. 缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

55. 強調：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

明顯的：apparently 顯而易見的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently

56. 對…懷疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)

57. 缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw

58. 臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous

59. 機構，組織：association/ structure /organization

60. 超過：exceed/ surpass

61. 岩漿：molten rock/ lava/ magma

62. 語言：linguist ~學家/ lingual和~有關的/ bilingual/ 雙語

63. 多種多樣的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species

64. dialect 方言 accent 腔調

65. 開始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，開始的/ initiate開始，發動->initiative原創性= origin

66. 貧窮：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剝奪財產的）

67. 傑出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual

68. gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive構思，懷孕/ deliver分娩

69. 輔助性：alternative 補充性/ therapist

70. 演繹，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引導歸納-> induction 歸納

71. 令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing

72. apply：緊靠，塗，將…應用於，適用，專心致力於，獻身於

73. subsidize輔助/ subsidy 補助，補貼/ subsidiary

74. a factor in sth/ depend on sth

75. be preferred by/ choice

76. attitude to/ how

77. the present century/ modern society

78. broad/ great

79. in term of 按照，在…方面，關於/with regard to, in spite of 不顧，儘管

80. small-scale 小範圍/ marginal 邊緣處的

81. physical/ medical

82. negotiation/ agreement 談判，洽談/ 商定，協議

83. evolve/ develop

84. apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房

85. virtual (love)/ simulate 模擬的（網戀）/ 模擬

86. catastrophe/ disaster 大災難/ 災難，不幸

87. innovate/ invent 革新，創新/ 發明，創造

sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工藝

88. exorbitant/ expensive 過度的，極高的/ 費用大的，昂貴的

9. be participant in/ take part in /participate in

90. labour [美，澳]/work

91. attend to/ take care of

92. dual employment/ dual-worker 雙職工（家庭）

93. indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象徵/ 預料，預言

A major contributor to/ be central to 來源，起點/ 是…的主要，中心原因

94. expert/ therapist 專家，能手；知識豐富的/ 某個專科的專家

95. lead to/ be associated with 相聯繫（帶來…的好處）

96. balanced/ equitable 平等的

97. handicap/ disabled/primitive 殘疾的，落後的

98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to by/ from

99. benefit/ advantage

100. substantial influence/ greater likelihood

101. agree on/ define

102. considered desirable/ effectiveness

103. masquerade/ (in) disguise 僞裝

104. insignificant/ didn’t seriously 不重要/不嚴重的

105. inspect/ examine 審覈,檢查

106. caliber/ criterion 標準

107. no-one know>< notorious 無人知曉><臭名昭著的

108. dissatisfy/ argue 不滿意/厭惡，討厭

109. pessimism/ negative/ blue >< optimistic 悲觀的，憂鬱的>< 樂觀的

110. unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon

111. identify/ define

112. turn… into/ become

113. urban/ rural/suburban

114. demolish/ knock down/ dismantle 毀壞，拆毀（建築物）/ 敲，打

115. migration/ move 遷移/ 移動

116. pay/ charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充電，負責，付費，控訴

117. separate/ split 分開，使隔絕，提取/ 分，劈開

118. fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住

119. not require/ unnecessary 不需要/ 不必要

120. decode/ decipher 譯解（密碼），解釋

121. delay/ drawback= disadvantage 耽誤，延遲/ 欠缺，弊端

122. association/ organization 機構，關聯/ 組織

123. recent/ current/ nowadays/present 最近的/ 現代的/ 當今的/現在

124. intensive burst/ explosive release 強烈的爆發/ 爆炸性的釋放

125. recognized/ identified 承認，識別，認可/ 識別，鑑別

126. aim to/ focus on 針對，目標，打算/ 集中

127. link…to/ lead to 連接/導致，通向

128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不適當的/ 缺乏，不足

129. basic/ fundamental 基礎的，基本的

130. seize/ catch 捕捉，抓住

131. fatal/ lethal 致命的

132. success on/ running on 成功

133. costly/ be related by 有關係的

134. be obtained in/ be derived in 獲得，流行，通用/ 由…產生，起源於

135. high-income/ wealthy 高收入的/富裕的

136. be alike/ be similar to 相同的，相似的

137. indicate/ show 顯示，指出，象徵

138. eliminate/ lessen >< 消除/ 減少

139. not risen significantly/ stagnate 停滯不前的

140. salary/ wage 工資：總稱/ 藍領的

141. create/ gain 創造，造成/ 獲得，增加

efficiently/ increased productivity 有效率的/ 上升的生產率

142. economy/ financial 經濟

143. administration/ management

144. (be) sympathetic/ understand 同情的，贊同/ 理解

145. introduce/ involve 引入/ 捲入

146. almost/ approximately

147. be out of date/ be developed

148. solve/ reduce 減少

149. famous/ eminent

150. barrier/ hurdle

151. higher position/ top post

152. Advantage: virtue, merit, benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好處 ,優點,長處

153. Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺點,缺陷

154. Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 隨意的

155. Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的

156. Criticize: reproach, blame, 批評

157. Flaw: weakness, defect 缺點

158. Ability; capability, power, caliber能力

159. Dishonest: deceptive 不誠實的

160. Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的

161. Success: achievement, feat 成功

162. Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因

163 Result: outcome, consequence, implication結果

164. Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由於，因爲

165. Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur導致

166. Disaster: catastrophe 災難

167. Pollute: contaminate 污染

168. Poisonous: toxic 有毒的

169. Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降

170. Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升