1776年 Declaration of Independence 颁布

The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule.宣布当时与英国王国交战的十三个美国殖民地成为不再受英国统治的十三个独立主权州。

1776年-1783年 Revolutionary War

The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. Skirmishes between British troops and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775 kicked off the armed conflict, and by the following summer, the rebels were waging a full-scale war for their independence. France entered the American Revolution on the side of the colonists in 1778, turning what had essentially been a civil war into an international conflict. After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783.革命战争（1775-83）也被称为美国革命，是由于英国13个北美殖民地的居民与代表英国皇室的殖民政府之间的紧张关系引起的。 1775年4月，列克星敦和康科德的英国军队和殖民地民兵之间的冲突拉开了武装冲突的序幕，并且在接下来的夏天，叛乱分子正在进行全面的独立战争。 1778年，法国选择帮助被殖民者，将基本上是内战的战争变成了国际冲突。 法国的援助帮助大陆军队在1781年迫使英国人在弗吉尼亚州约克镇投降后，美国人有效地赢得了独立，尽管战斗直到1783年才会正式结束。

1787年 constitution的创立

1788年 constitution的批准

1789年 constiution正式in effect

The Constitution of the United States established America’s national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. It was signed on September 17, 1787, by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Under America’s first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, the national government was weak and states operated like independent countries. At the 1787 convention, delegates devised a plan for a stronger federal government with three branches—executive, legislative and judicial—along with a system of checks and balances to ensure no single branch would have too much power. The Bill of Rights were 10 amendments guaranteeing basic individual protections, such as freedom of speech and religion, that became part of the Constitution in 1791. To date, there are 27 constitutional amendments.

美国宪法确立了美国的国家政府和基本法律，并保证了其公民的某些基本权利。 它于1787年9月17日由费城宪法会议的代表签署。 根据美国的第一份治理文件，“邦联条例”，国家政府薄弱，各州像独立国家一样运作。 在1787年的大会上，代表们设计了一个强大的联邦政府的计划，该政府有三个分支机构 - 执行机构，立法机构和司法机构 - 以及一个制衡机制，以确保没有一个分支机构拥有太多的权力。 “权利法案”是10项保障基本个人保护的修正案，如言论自由和宗教自由，于1791年成为宪法的一部分。迄今为止，共有27项宪法修正案。

Washington‘s two terms as president

George Washington (1732-99) was commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797. The son of a prosperous planter, Washington was raised in colonial Virginia. As a young man, he worked as a surveyor then fought in the French and Indian War (1754-63). During the American Revolution, he led the colonial forces to victory over the British and became a national hero. In 1787, he was elected president of the convention that wrote the U.S. Constitution. Two years later, Washington became America’s first president.乔治华盛顿（1732-99）在美国革命战争时期（1775-83）担任大陆军总司令，从1789年到1797年担任第一任美国总统的两个任期。华盛顿的繁荣种植者的儿子是 在殖民地弗吉尼亚州长大。 作为一名年轻人，他曾担任测量师，然后在法印战争（1754-63）中战斗过。 在美国独立战争期间，他领导殖民势力战胜英国人，成为民族英雄。 1787年，他当选为编写美国宪法的大会主席。 两年后，华盛顿成为美国的第一任总统。