1776年 Declaration of Independence 頒佈

The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule.宣佈當時與英國王國交戰的十三個美國殖民地成爲不再受英國統治的十三個獨立主權州。

1776年-1783年 Revolutionary War

The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. Skirmishes between British troops and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775 kicked off the armed conflict, and by the following summer, the rebels were waging a full-scale war for their independence. France entered the American Revolution on the side of the colonists in 1778, turning what had essentially been a civil war into an international conflict. After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783.革命戰爭（1775-83）也被稱爲美國革命，是由於英國13個北美殖民地的居民與代表英國皇室的殖民政府之間的緊張關係引起的。 1775年4月，列剋星敦和康科德的英國軍隊和殖民地民兵之間的衝突拉開了武裝衝突的序幕，並且在接下來的夏天，叛亂分子正在進行全面的獨立戰爭。 1778年，法國選擇幫助被殖民者，將基本上是內戰的戰爭變成了國際衝突。 法國的援助幫助大陸軍隊在1781年迫使英國人在弗吉尼亞州約克鎮投降後，美國人有效地贏得了獨立，儘管戰鬥直到1783年纔會正式結束。

1787年 constitution的創立

1788年 constitution的批准

1789年 constiution正式in effect

The Constitution of the United States established America’s national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. It was signed on September 17, 1787, by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Under America’s first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, the national government was weak and states operated like independent countries. At the 1787 convention, delegates devised a plan for a stronger federal government with three branches—executive, legislative and judicial—along with a system of checks and balances to ensure no single branch would have too much power. The Bill of Rights were 10 amendments guaranteeing basic individual protections, such as freedom of speech and religion, that became part of the Constitution in 1791. To date, there are 27 constitutional amendments.

美國憲法確立了美國的國家政府和基本法律，並保證了其公民的某些基本權利。 它於1787年9月17日由費城憲法會議的代表簽署。 根據美國的第一份治理文件，“邦聯條例”，國家政府薄弱，各州像獨立國家一樣運作。 在1787年的大會上，代表們設計了一個強大的聯邦政府的計劃，該政府有三個分支機構 - 執行機構，立法機構和司法機構 - 以及一個制衡機制，以確保沒有一個分支機構擁有太多的權力。 “權利法案”是10項保障基本個人保護的修正案，如言論自由和宗教自由，於1791年成爲憲法的一部分。迄今爲止，共有27項憲法修正案。

Washington‘s two terms as president

George Washington (1732-99) was commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797. The son of a prosperous planter, Washington was raised in colonial Virginia. As a young man, he worked as a surveyor then fought in the French and Indian War (1754-63). During the American Revolution, he led the colonial forces to victory over the British and became a national hero. In 1787, he was elected president of the convention that wrote the U.S. Constitution. Two years later, Washington became America’s first president.喬治華盛頓（1732-99）在美國革命戰爭時期（1775-83）擔任大陸軍總司令，從1789年到1797年擔任第一任美國總統的兩個任期。華盛頓的繁榮種植者的兒子是 在殖民地弗吉尼亞州長大。 作爲一名年輕人，他曾擔任測量師，然後在法印戰爭（1754-63）中戰鬥過。 在美國獨立戰爭期間，他領導殖民勢力戰勝英國人，成爲民族英雄。 1787年，他當選爲編寫美國憲法的大會主席。 兩年後，華盛頓成爲美國的第一任總統。