"\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoK1vGR5alaT\" img_width=\"600\" img_height=\"212\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe habits of post-war austerity had begun to chafe in the 1960s. The economic shocks of the 1970s did little to permit the loosening of shackles, but in the 1980s the dam really burst. Money, and how to make and spend it, were at the top of the agenda.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E戰後緊縮的習慣在20世紀60年代開始惡化，70年代的經濟衝擊讓人們無力擺脫束縛，而到了80年代，大壩真的開始決堤了。金錢，以及如何賺錢和花錢成爲首要議題。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPolitically, deregulation was in the air. Patience with state controls was wearing thin, and people were ready to pass the levers of power into the hands of a right-wing government that would allow (or promise) more scope for individual initiative. In the world of high finance, this meant a clearing away of restrictions on how financiers were permitted to operate, and on the sort of fiscal schemes they could indulge in. As far as the British stock market was concerned, the climactic moment was the Big Bang of October 1986, which removed a whole range of previous restrictive practices. All the novel phenomena required names, and the fertile brains of brokers and bankers (at home with a menagerie of bulls, bears, and stags) obliged with an array of outlandish metaphors that have come to symbolize the decade: dawn raid (1980) and white knight (1978), golden hello (1983),golden parachute (1981), and greenmail (1983). \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E政治上而言，放松管制開始流行起來。人們對管控國家的耐心逐漸消退，開始準備將權力的槓桿交給右翼\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E，這將允許或承諾更多的個人主動權。在金融發達地區，這意味着將要清除對金融家經營限制的許可，以及他們能大刀闊斧地進行財政計劃。就英國股市而言，巔峯時刻是1986年10月的金融大爆炸（the Big Bang），它取消了以前的一系列限制性做法。所有新生現象都需要個名字，經紀人和銀行家們神奇的腦力也需要一系列奇怪的隱喻來表示，這些隱喻成爲這個十年內的象徵：dawn raid （黎明突襲，指一天交易開始時出其不意大量收購公司股票，1980年）、white knight（白衣騎士，指拯救不利公司的人或機構，1978年）、golden hello（黃金問候，指給新員工的厚遇或高薪聘用，1983年）、golden parachute （黃金降落傘，指高額離職補貼，1981）和 greenmail（綠票欺詐，1983）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp9.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoK2HGVgJ9Hj\" img_width=\"960\" img_height=\"540\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReaders of the financial and business columns of the newspapers would puzzle over arbs (1983) and derivatives (1985), new acronyms like EFTPOS (electronic funds transfer at point of sale; 1982) and PEP (personal equity plan; 1986), new concepts such as the internal market (in which departments within an organization charge each other for services; 1989). \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E新聞報紙財經板塊的讀者經常深處迷霧中，例如看到arb（套匯者，1983）和derivative（衍生品）等詞，或EFTPOS（電子資金轉賬終端，1982）和PEP（個人股權計劃，1986）這樣的縮略語，或是the internal market（內部市場，即組織內各部門內部結算收取服務費用，1989）這樣的新概念。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the Far East the tiger (1981) (or dragon (1981)) economies were cranking themselves up, and from Japan came the notion of zaitech (investment in financial markets by a company; 1986). Payment increasingly meant plastic (1975), with the prospect of being able to swipe (1986) your smart card (1980). And Britain now had pound coins (1980), introduced in 1983.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在遠東地區，the tiger（虎，1981）或稱爲dragon（龍，1981）的經濟體正在加速發展，來自日本的概念zaitech（財術，指大公司從事大規模金融市場投資，1986）。付款方面更多使用plastics（信用卡，1975）或wipe（刷，1986）你的smart card（智能卡\u002F磁卡，1980）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoK2X7SyN2uR\" img_width=\"960\" img_height=\"640\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPeople who had a lot of money in their pocket were intent on spending it – and not discreetly. If you had it, you flaunted it; it was the era of conspicuous consumption (a phrase from the late 19th century whose time had now come). The quintessential figure of the decade was the yuppie (1984), the high-earning 20-\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-4\"\u003E30\u003C\u002Fi\u003E-year-old business executive, lawyer, stockbroker, etc. with the smart car and the cell phone (1983). It was to be the first of a rash of such life-style coinages. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E口袋裏塞滿了錢的金主意在花光錢財，無需謹慎。有錢那就露出來，這是一個炫耀性消費的時代。這十年裏的典型人物是the yuppie（雅皮士，1984）、2-3十歲的高收入企業高管、律師、股票經紀人等，他們開着智能汽車並用着cell phone（手機，1983）。此類生活方式中的新詞即將湧現。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe lexical fashion fad of the 1980s left a legacy of buppies (black yuppies; 1984), dinkies (dual income, no kids; 1986), and woopies (well-off older people; 1986). Stressed-out (1983) thirty-somethings (1981) relaxed in wine bars (1981), shopaholics (1977) shopped till they dropped, the chattering classes (1980) chattered, foodies (1980) held olive-oil tastings, and power dressing (1979) was the fashion statement that mattered.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E80年代裏，時尚風潮在詞彙中留下了buppie（黑人雅皮士，1984）、dinkies（丁克夫妻，1986）和woopie（富裕的老年人，1986）。Stressed-out （壓力重重的，1983）thirty-somethings（三十好幾的人，1981）在wine bars（紅酒吧，1981）裏放鬆放鬆， shopaholic（購物狂，1977）在商店狂買不停，chattering classes（名嘴階級，1980）說啊說，foodie（美食家，1980）舉行橄欖油嘗鑑會，而power dressing（權力穿着，指顯貴或要員打扮，1979）是重要的時尚名片。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut if the rich got richer in the 1980s, the poor also got poorer. Cardboard cities (1982) were appearing, and unemployment swelled the numbers attending job clubs (1985). No employee seemed safe from the dreaded UB40 (a card issued to unemployment-benefit claimants; 1983). This was the world not of the sharp suit but of the shell suit (1973). The h\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ey partying of the earlier part of the decade gave way to the sound of lager louts (1987) breaking glass.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E不過，如果富人越來越富，窮人也會變得更窮。各地cardboard cities（紙板城市，指貧民區，1982）相繼出現，失業現象使得加入job club（工作俱樂部，指求職中心，1985）的人數激增。這裏不是裁剪得體的西裝的世界，而是遍佈shell suit（貝殼裝，指寬鬆休閒裝，1973）。前十年的歡樂派對被lager lout（耍酒瘋的年輕人，1987）打碎玻璃的聲音所取代。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn Britain, Margaret Thatcher proclaimed the enterprise culture (1979) and the joy of marketization (1978). Her government (bone-dry (1983) by the middle of the decade, having been purged of wets (1980)) pursued the feel-good factor (1984), but managed to upset Middle England (1982) with the poll tax (1985) (officially named the community charge (1985)). The leaderene (1980) gained a reputation for handbagging (1987) all who tried to thwart her. Television arrived in the British parliament and with it the strange practice of doughnutting (clustering round a speaker to give the impression of full attendance; 1989). Ominously, the terms sleaze (1980) and spin doctor (1984) appeared for the first time in the political lexicon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在英國，撒切爾夫人傳揚enterprise culture（企業文化，1979）和marketization（市場化，1978）的喜悅。她的\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E極力追求feel-good factor（良好感覺因素，1984），但卻通過poll tax（人頭稅，1985）令Middle England（英國中產階級，1982）失望。電視進入英國議會，隨之而來的是一種奇怪的做法，稱爲doughnutting（多納圈做法，即圍繞聚集在演講者周圍，給人一種全勤出席的印象，1989）。不詳的詞彙sleaze（政治舞弊，1980）和spin doctor（旋轉博士，指輿論導向專家，1984）首次出現在政治語彙中。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the 1980s, cyberspace (1982) infiltrated the interstices of the everyday world. Only an ageing minority were not, it seemed, computerate (1981), and able to cope with booting (1982) and dragging (1983), recognize an icon (1982) or a spreadsheet (1982), or use a laptop (1983), a palmtop (1987), or a touchpad (1974). Kids could play with their Pac-man (1981) or use their Game Boy (1989), and t\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E were now vaccines (1986) to counter the threat of viruses. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在80年代，cyberspace（網絡空間，1982）滲透到日常世界的各個角落。似乎只有少數老年人不能computerate（精通電腦的，1981），無法處理booting（啓動開機，1982）和dragging（鼠標拖動，1983），不能識別icon（圖標，1982）或spreadsheet（電子表格，1982），不會使用laptop（筆記本電腦，1987）和palmtop（掌上電腦，1987），或touchpad（觸摸板，1974）。孩子們可以玩兒他們的Pac-man（喫豆子，1981）或玩兒Game Boy（遊戲小子游戲機，1989），而現在的vaccine（疫苗，1986）可以對抗多種病毒的威脅。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIncreasingly, though, the computer’s most pervasive influence on the modern world lay in the area of communication. It was the decade that saw the beginnings of the internet (1974) and the information superhighway (1983), of email (1979) and domains (1978) and newsgroups (1983). The days of snail mail (1982) were numbered. The era of the virtual (1982) was coming.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E計算機對現代世界最爲普遍的影響越來越集中在通訊領域。這十年見證了多種通訊形式的誕生，包括internet（互聯網，1974）、information superhighway（信息高速公路，1983）、email（電子郵件，1979）、domain（域名，1978）和newsgroup（新聞組，1983）。而snail mail（蝸牛郵件，指郵局寄出的信件，1982）所需時日不再幾日之內。新的virtual（虛擬，1982）時代即將到來。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEnvironmental concerns grew ever more powerful, as the extent of human depredations became increasingly evident. We embraced the concept of biodiversity (1985), eagerly bought eco-friendly (1989) and cruelty-free (1986) products, nodded over the necessity for a carbon tax (1979), and supported the construction of wind farms (1980). From its fringes (eco-terrorists (1986) and New Age travellers (1986)) to its solid middle-class centre, the environmental movement was a force to be reckoned with.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E隨着人類掠奪環境的程度愈加明顯，環境問題變得越來越嚴重。我們接受了biodiversity（生物多樣性，1985）的概念，熱切地採購eco-friendly（環保型，1989）和cruelty-free（無虐待的，1986）產品，對carbon tax（碳稅，1979）的必要性表示贊同，並支持wind farm（風力發電廠，1980）的建設。從其邊緣地帶，包括eco-terrorist（生態恐怖分子,1986）和New Age traveller（新世紀遊俠，1986），到其堅實的中產階級核心，環境運動成爲一股不容忽視的力量。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA prolific and vibrant youth culture produced a myriad new dances and styles of music (many of them of hip-hop (1979) origin). T\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was moshing (1987), body-popping (1982), and moonwalking (1983), break dancing (1982), dirty dancing (1987), and slam dancing (1981) (t\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was also lap dancing (1983), but that was not the same sort of thing at all). It was the decade of Acid House (1988), raves (1989), and warehouse parties (1988), of goths (1986) and thrash metal (1984), of the lambada (1988) and the bhangra (1987) beat. Garage (1987) took on a whole new meaning.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E豐富而充滿活力的青年文化孕育了無數新的舞蹈和音樂風格，其中很多都源於hip-hop（嘻哈文化，1979），其中包括moshing（1987）、body-popping（1982）、moonwalking（1983）、break dancing（1982）、dirty dancing（1987）、slam dancing（1981）以及lap dancing（1983）。這是Acid House（迷幻豪斯，1988）、rave（狂歡舞會，1989）、warehouse party（倉庫派對，1988）的十年，是goth（哥特搖滾，1986）、thrash metal （鞭擊金屬，1984）、lambada（蘭巴達，1988）和bhangra（邦戈拉舞，1987）各種節拍的十年。單詞garage（車庫，指車庫音樂，1987）獲得全新詞義。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt was a culture that got its highs from ecstasy (1985) (or E (1985)). Designer drugs (1983) were the fashion of the decade, Prozac (1985) the favourite h\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ey pill, and crack (1985) the new market leader.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E這十年的文化在ecstasy（搖頭丸，1985）中達到高潮。Designer drug（合成藥物，1983）成爲時代時尚，Prozac（百憂解，1985）是最受歡迎的快樂藥丸，而crack（快客，1985）成爲市場上新的主導性毒品。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, PC (politically correct; 1986) language made further strides by introducing the euphemistic challenged (1980) to avoid charges of ableism (1981). Fattist (1987) comments were to be severely discouraged. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E同時，PC（政治正確，1986）的語言引入一些委婉語，以避免指責爲ableism（體能歧視，1981）和fattist（胖子歧視，1981）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe New Man (1982) proudly made his debut although, alas, within a decade he would have transformed himself into a New Lad (1991).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E當New Man（新派男性，1982）年驕傲地首次登臺亮相，然而，唉，十年之內他就轉變成了New Lad（新派小子，1991）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp1.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoK2kQfVVWv\" img_width=\"600\" img_height=\"212\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the light of events two decades on, stirrings in the European undergrowth in the \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003Es induce dark forebodings. The European Community was enlarging itself, and showing distinctly federalist tendencies. Under the terms of the 1992 Maastricht treaty, it transformed itself into the European Union (the terminology came into force officially in 1993, but is first recorded in 1983), abbreviated to EU (\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E). Such developments were not to the liking of Eurosceptical (\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) elements within the ruling Conservative party in Britain. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E20世紀90年代，歐洲叢林中的窸窣之聲引發出黑暗的預兆。歐洲共同體正在擴充自己，並表現出明顯地聯邦主義傾向。根據1992年《馬斯特裏赫特條約》的條款，它轉變爲European Union（歐盟），該詞於1993年正式生效，但早在1983年出現首次使用記錄，後於\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E年簡寫爲EU。這些發展與英國保守黨內部的Eurosceptical（歐洲懷疑論，\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E）的因素不符。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp1.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoK2z31Qr05n\" img_width=\"960\" img_height=\"639\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThey were encouraged in their doom-laden predictions by Black Wednesday (1992), in which Britain was forced ignominiously to abandon its membership of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Meanwhile, slews of new euro- compounds hit the dictionaries, from the serious (such as euro note (1995), referring to the new European currency) to the sarcastic (such as eurosausage (1994)).在1992年的黑色星期三，英國被迫丟臉地放棄其歐洲匯率機制成員資格。與此同時，一系列與euro-前綴\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003E結合\u003C\u002Fi\u003E的詞彙出現在字典裏，從比較嚴肅型的euro note（歐洲紙幣，1995），到諷刺型的eurosausage（歐洲香腸，1994）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the general election of 1997, the British Conservative government suffered a crushing defeat. Taking the Tories’ place, New Labour (1992): a transformed Labour party which had abandoned its more extreme socialist policies in favour of the third way (a buzzword of the \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003Es, though it had some limited currency before). Under Blairism (1994), welfare to work (1981) and tough love (1981) were the thing. Having taken the lesson of more than a decade of internecine strife, the new government made sure its supporters stuck close to the party line: to be off-message (1992) was the greatest crime. Labour had learned well from the Clintonites (1992) in the US how to gain and hold on to power.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在1997年的英國大選中，保守黨\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E遭遇慘敗，取代其地位的是New Labour（新工黨，1992）：一個轉型後的工黨，它放棄了更爲極端的社會主義政策，轉而支持第三種方式（儘管the third way一詞在之前的流通很有限，但在90年代成爲流行詞）。在Blairism（布萊爾主義，1994）的領導下，重要事項裏有welfare to work（工作福利，1981）和tough love（嚴厲的愛，1981）。新\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E吸取過去十多年內訌的教訓，確保其支持者堅持黨內路線：off-message（脫綱，1992）就是最大罪行。工黨從Clintonite（克林頓派，1992）那裏學到如何獲得權力並維持。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe get-rich-quick-and-flaunt-it society of the 80s had evaporated in the recession of the early 90s. Essex man (a working-class Conservative voter supposedly to be found in Essex; \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) was no more (his place taken by Islington person (a middle-class Labour voter; 1994)), and Essex girl (a brash young woman supposedly to be found in Essex; 1991) was keeping a lower profile. It was forecast as the ‘caring decade’, although Generation X (the disaffected younger generation; coined in 1952, but brought to prominence by Douglas Coupland’s Generation X: tales for an accelerated culture (1991)) did not find it so, and neither probably did jobseekers (in existence as a general term since the 1850s, but elevated to official status in the UK in the \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003Es).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E80年代裏快速致富並炫富的社會在90年代早期的經濟衰退中消失。人們開始保持低調行事，據預測，這會是“關愛的十年”，不過Generation X（X一代，指不滿的年輕一代，該詞最早出現在1952年，但由於1991年出版的圖書Generation X: tales for an accelerated culture而登上主舞臺）並非如此，而jobseeker（求職者，該詞在90年代成爲英國的官方詞彙）或許也不認同。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EConfidence returned with the end of the recession, and Britain reinvented itself as Cool Britannia (a coinage of the 1960s, but now \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Elied specifically to trendy British art, pop, film, and fashion; 1992), proprietor of Britpop (1986). For entertainment, people had docusoaps (1991) on TV, Aga sagas (1992) in the bookshops, and red top (1995) tabloids on the news-stands. At work, t\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was a good chance you would be hot desking (1991), and the new institution of dress-down Friday (1993) reached Britain from the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E隨着經濟衰退的結束，人們的信心又開始恢復，英國將自己重塑爲Cool Britannia（酷大不列顛，該詞出現在60年代，但90年代特指時髦的英國藝術、流行音樂、電影和時尚，1992）。爲了娛樂，人們在電視裏看docusoap（紀實肥皂劇，1991），在書店裏看Aga saga（一種小說類型，通常以英國鄉村爲背景，講述中上階層人物的家庭生活和情感生活，1992），在報攤上看red top（八卦小報，1995）。在工作領域，你有機會hot desking（漫遊辦公，1991），美國的dress-down Friday（便裝星期五，是casual Friday的另一種說法，1993）也抵達英國。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou might be loved-up (1991) on ecstasy, or simply a little squiffy after a few alcopops (1996) (but not at the local gastropub (1996), w\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E the accent was more on food than drink). Hopefully the result would not be an ASBO (antisocial behaviour order; 1997). Bad fashion choice of the decade was the mullet (1994) hairstyle (albeit not the inspiration for the metaphorical bad hair day (1991)).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E你可能會因爲迷幻藥而loved-up（興奮的，1991），或者僅僅是在喝了幾杯alcopop（泡泡甜酒，1996）後稍帶醉意，希望這不會引發ASBO（反社會行爲令）的結果。這十年來最糟糕的時尚我會選mullet（鯔魚頭，1994）髮型。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoKdH8uFEBOa\" img_width=\"1080\" img_height=\"810\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECybernauts (1989) and Netties (1985) surfed the World Wide Web (\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) (or the Web (\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) for short). To be in the swim you had to have your own website (1993) or homepage (1993) or blog (1999), or you could communicate via SMS (short message service; 1991). It was the decade of all things cyber-: cybercrime (1991), cybersex (1991), cybershoppers (1994), cyberwar (1992), etc., etc. You would hope to avoid the spam (1994) and the mail bombs (1994), but the main fear in the cybercafé (1994) was the dreaded millennium bug (1995), which threatened to make the world’s computer systems crash when the clocks chimed midnight on 31 December 1999. At least cyberpets (electronic toys that need regular stimuli; 1995), such as the tamagotchi (1997), would not be affected; they only succumbed if you neglected them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E大量cybernaut（網蟲，1989）和Nettie（網蟲，1985）出沒在World Wide Web（萬維網，\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E）上，或是簡稱爲Web（網絡，\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E）。要想迎合潮流，你要麼有自己的website（網站，1993）或homepage（主頁，1993）或blog（博客，1999），要麼通過SMS（短信息，1991）交流。這十年裏所有東西都變得cyber-：cybercrime（網絡犯罪，1991）、cybersex（網絡色情）、cybershopper（網上導購）、cyberwar（網絡戰爭）等等。人們希望能避開spam（垃圾郵件，1994）和mail bomb（郵件炸彈，1994），但在cybercafé（網吧，1994）裏主要的恐懼是可怕的millennium bug（千年蟲，1995），它威脅着當千禧年到來的鐘聲敲響時，會摧毀世界計算機系統。至少，一些像tamagotchi（電子雞，1997）的cyberpet（電子寵物，1995）不會受此影響，只有你忘記照看它們纔會死掉。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoKdZ5jseUqD\" img_width=\"600\" img_height=\"212\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the twenty-first century, at the dawn of the Anthropocene (2000) era, the human race began to abandon analogue socializing for the seductive delights of the digital ether. The twitterati’s (2006) word was law. How delightful to be retweeted (2007), but being defriended (2004), or squashed with an unlike (2008), was not so much fun. And the grown-ups certainly did not \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Erove of sexting (2005). T\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was a hashtag (2007) for everything.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E在21世紀，在人類世（Anthropocene \u002Fˈanθrəpəˌsiːn\u002F，2000）的黎明中，人類開始放棄模擬社會化，轉而享受數字以太的誘人樂趣。像twitterati（網絡達人，2006）的語言就是法則，被人retweeted（轉發，2007）真是令人高興啊，但被人defriended（取消好友，2004）或是點名unlike（不喜歡，2008）就不那麼心情振奮了。成年人當然不會贊成發sexting（性短信，2005），而社交媒體上每條消息都可以有個hashtag（話題標籤，2007）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYouTubers (2006) whiled away the hours in front of their screens. You might be listening to a podcast (2004), or viewing a vlog (a video-blog; 2002), or, if more conventional entertainment was your thing, you could binge-watch (2007) some box sets (on Blu-ray (2001), of course). But why not be your own auteur, with an avalanche of selfies (2002) (facilitated in due course by the selfie stick (2012)). You would have to hope no one would try to photobomb (2008) you.看視頻的YouTuber（優客，2006）們在屏幕前消磨時光，可能是在聽podcast（播客，2004），或者在看vlog（視頻播客，2002），或者說如果你更喜歡傳統一些的娛樂，可以買Blu-ray（藍光，2001）的套裝碟，在家binge-watch（刷劇，2007）。爲何不來場自導自演呢，大量selfie（自拍，2002）湧現，在selfie stick（自拍杆，2012）的幫助下更是便利，只是希望沒人想要跟你photobomb（搶鏡頭，2008）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESocial media also enabled such phenomena as the flash mob (2003), a sudden assembly prompted by media messaging, and crowdfunding (2007), financial contributions from a wide range of sources. Altogether less welcome was h\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ey sl\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Eing (2005), in which photographs of an assault were posted online.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E社交媒體也促成了一些現象，例如flash mob（閃客，2003）和crowdfunding（衆籌，2007）。其中最不受歡迎的就是h\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ey sl\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Eapp\u003C\u002Fi\u003Eing（開心掌摑，指受人侮辱、凌霸的照片發佈到網絡上，2005）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor the athletically minded t\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was free running (2003), also known as parkour (2002). The more sedate might opt for Sudoku (2000), or arrange for a spot of glamping (upmarket camping; 2005). Soccer’s galacticos (2003) dominated the back pages of the newspapers (or perhaps you read them online, even if they were behind a paywall (2004)), and the Wags (wives and girlfriends; 2002) always made good copy. Cricket, meanwhile, continued its search for the public’s buy-in with Twenty20 (2002), a twenty-overs-a-side competition.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E對於有運動頭腦的人們來說，新世紀裏還有free running（自由奔跑，2003），也被稱之爲parkour（跑酷，2002）。更恬靜的選擇可以是Sudoku（數獨，2000）或是安排一場glamping（豪華露營，2005）。足球界的galacticos（銀河巨星，2003）和Wags（太太團，2002）佔據報紙的後幾版，或者你在線閱讀這些尚在paywall（付費區，2004）的報道。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDid you still do your shopping instore, using chip-and-pin (2001), or did you prefer to go online with click-and-collect (2000)? Overindulgence in either might result in the need for a declutter (2000). Any spare cash you had left over might be the target of chuggers (2002).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E你是否還是用chip-and-pin（芯片密碼支付，2001）去商店購物，還是更習慣click-and-collect（點擊提貨）的方式在線採購？無論哪種方式，購物太多就需要declutter（減持，清理，2000）一下了。你剩下的多餘現金都可能成爲chugger（慈善募捐人士，是charity mugger複合而成，指在大街上攔住人們爲慈善組織定期募捐的人，2002）的目標。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe gobbled up our health-giving goji berries (2002), tut-tutted over fatbergs (2008), hoped we would not get SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome; 2003) or Norovirus (2002), perhaps tentatively sampled the new e-cigarettes (2007) and, if we were male, found that our male friendships were bromances (2001) (but also, we might find ourselves being ticked off for mansplaining (2008)).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E人們中間開始流行大喫有益健康的goji berries（枸杞，2002），對下水管網中的fatberg（油脂塊，2008）不禁咋舌，祈禱不要患上SARS（嚴重急性呼吸綜合症，即非典，2003）或Norovirus（諾如病毒，2002），也許會試着抽新型的e-cigarette（電子煙，2007）。如果是男性朋友，會發現男性之間的友誼可被稱爲bromance（基友，2001），但有時，我們可能發現自己因爲mansplaining（男人說教，2008）而被打斷。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp1.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRXQoKdo39i6QET\" img_width=\"960\" img_height=\"640\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ET\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fi\u003E was much to the decade that was butters (horrible, disgusting; 2003), but also a lot that was nang (good; 2002) if not totes (2006) amazing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E這十年間，很多事物都是butter（恐怖的、噁心的，2003），但也有些nang（好的，2002）。因此，noughties（21世紀頭十年，\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E1990\u003C\u002Fi\u003E）讓位給了青少年，歐洲也出現麻煩。希臘曾處於被迫退出歐元區的危險之中，記者們紛紛糾其候選報道，不斷混合着詞彙。Grexit（希退，2012）剛剛出現，很快被假設性的兄弟Brexit（英退，2012）趕超，後者的故事仍在上演。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E來源：\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E牛津英語辭典\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FR69MnxW3IsH9KU\" img_width=\"640\" img_height=\"12\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E翻吧·與你一起學翻譯\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-4\"\u003E微信\u003C\u002Fi\u003E號：translationtips\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp1.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FR6GGNCl3FFJVdo\" img_width=\"200\" img_height=\"105\" alt=\"牛津英語辭典20世紀經典詞彙選（1980s~2000s）\" inline=\"0\"\u003E"'.slice(6, -6), groupId: '6718337868256772621