"\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRY062faBAbl09o\" img_width=\"600\" img_height=\"338\" alt=\"雙語閱讀｜波音Max 8空難或宣告黃金時代結束\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWHEN A BOEING \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E73\u003C\u002Fi\u003E7 MAX 8 crashed near A\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003Edd\u003C\u002Fi\u003Eis Ababa after take-off on March 10th, \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E157\u003C\u002Fi\u003E people lost their lives. It did not take long for the human tragedy to raise questions about what went wrong. That has fed a crisis of trust in Boeing and in the FAA, the American regulator which, even as its counterparts grounded the MAX 8, left it flying for three days before President Donald Trump stepped in, suspending all MAX planes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E3月10日，一架波音\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E73\u003C\u002Fi\u003E7 MAX 8起飛後不久墜毀在亞的斯亞貝巴附近，\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-6\"\u003E157\u003C\u002Fi\u003E人喪生。很快，這場人間悲劇引發公衆強烈質疑問題所在。美國波音及聯邦航空局出現信任危機。在各國紛紛停飛MAX 8型飛機情況下，美國聯邦航空管理局構依然允許所有MAX型號飛機航行，直到特朗普總統介入。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMr Trump noted that Boeing was “an incredible company”. In fact the crash is a warning. After a 20-year boom, one of the West’s most sophisticated industries faces a difficult future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E特朗普稱波音是“了不起的公司”。實際上，此次空難爲世界敲響了警鐘。經歷長達20年繁榮發展，西方世界最紛繁複雜的航空業面臨一個頗爲艱難的未來。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe MAX 8 is one of Boeing’s most advanced models. Until this week it has been a commercial triumph, with 370 in operation and 4,700 more on order. The \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E73\u003C\u002Fi\u003E7 series makes up a third of Boeing’s profits and most of its order book. That performance caps an extraordinary two decades for the Boeing and Airbus duopoly, as a growing global mi\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-2\"\u003Edd\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ele class has taken to the air. Over 21,000 aircraft are in use; a new plane is delivered every five hours. Boeing has slimmed down its supply chain and Airbus has asserted its independence from European governments. That has led to a shareholder bonanza. Their combined market value of $310bn is six times bigger than in 2000. And their overall safety record has been good, with one fatal accident per 2.5m flights last year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMAX 8是波音最爲先進的機型。直至本週，該機型一直堪稱商業勝利的典型，其中有370架投入運營，另有4,700份訂單。\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E73\u003C\u002Fi\u003E7系列佔到波音利潤的三分之一，訂單也大多是此機型。隨着全球越來越多中產階級人羣選擇空中出行，美國波音和歐洲空客雙雙主導全球航空市場近二十年之久。有超過21,000架飛機投入運營; 每5小時便有一架新飛機交付完畢。波音縮減了供應鏈，而空中客車公司也宣稱獨立於歐洲\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-5\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E。這爲股東帶來一筆不小的財富。兩家公司總市值高達3100億美元，是2000年的六倍之多。此外，兩家航空公司也保持良好的飛行安全記錄，去年致命飛行事故率僅爲250萬分之一。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis week’s crash foreshadows the end of that golden age. Another MAX 8 crashed in October in Indonesia in similar circumstances. Although investigators have yet to determine the cause of the Ethiopian Airlines accident, regulators suspect that the MAX 8 has a design flaw.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E本週這場空難似乎預示了航空業的黃金時代正走向終結。另一架MAX 8型號飛機於去年10月在印度尼西亞墜毀，情形與本次空難十分相似。雖然調查人員尚未確定埃塞俄比亞空難的具體原因，但各國監管機構懷疑MAX 8存在設計缺陷。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FRY062fo3O8ov12\" img_width=\"400\" img_height=\"308\" alt=\"雙語閱讀｜波音Max 8空難或宣告黃金時代結束\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis plays into the worry that a new technological phase is under way. Aircraft are becoming autonomous, as computers take charge. This promises safer, more efficient flying, but the interaction between human pilots and machines is still unpredictable and experimental. In the Indonesian crash the pilots fought a losing battle against anti-stalling software that forced the plane’s nose down at least 20 times.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E這使得人們對要進入新技術時期產生擔憂。隨着計算機操控技術增強，飛機的飛行變得更加自動化。這有望使飛行過程更加安全高效，但飛行員和設備之間的交互依然處於實驗階段，充滿不可預測性。在印度尼西亞空難中，飛行員沒能控制住反失速軟件，致使後者讓飛機至少俯衝了20次。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe industry’s technical comple\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Exi\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ety is amplified by its organisational comple\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Exi\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ety. In the \u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-3\"\u003E199\u003C\u002Fi\u003E0s a few Western airlines dominated and a handful of regulators had global clout. Now there are hundreds of airlines and 290,000 pilots worldwide. In 2018, for the first time, less than half of the global fleet was based in the West. Maintaining common standards on training and procedures is harder. China and other countries want a bigger say. The credibility of American regulators has slipped because they have let domestic competition decline. This suggests they are cosy with industry.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E航空業錯綜複雜的組織也無形中放大了技術的複雜程度。20世紀90年代，西方航空企業佔據主導地位，只有少數幾個國家的監管機構在全球具有影響力。現在，全世界共有數百家航空企業，29萬名飛行員。2018年，全球只有不到一半的航空企業的總部設在西方國家。因此，想要制訂全球通用的培訓和程序標準便更加困難。中國等國希望在航空業裏有更多發言權。由於美國國內航空業競爭低迷，美國監管機構的信譽有所下滑，而這也表明監管機構和航空業間關係十分緊密。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThen comes geopolitics. With their hubs in Seattle and Toulouse, Boeing and Airbus are among the West’s largest exporters and a rare example of an industry in which China cannot compete. It would be depressing, but not impossible, if safety decisions were influenced by trade tensions. Over time, China and India may insist that the duopoly make more aircraft within their borders, to capture more jobs and intellectual property. That could require a restructuring of how both firms manufacture. Rows over aircraft emissions will further complicate the debate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E第二個問題是地緣政治。波音和空客總部分別位於美國西雅圖和法國圖盧茲，是西方最大的飛機出口商，是少有的中國難以企及的行業典範。安全決策有可能受貿易\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E緊張\u003C\u002Fi\u003E局勢影響，這無疑是個令人擔憂的信息。隨着時間推移，中國和印度或許堅持要求兩家航空業寡頭更多地在其境內製造飛機，以增加就業機會並獲取知識產權。這可能要求兩家企業重構原有的生產模式。此外，飛機排放的爭論也會使問題更加複雜。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENeither Boeing nor Airbus is about to go bust. Any flaw in the MAX 8 will probably be resolved, as battery problems in the 787 Dreamliner were in 2013. Boeing has $12.7bn of cash and bank lines to cushion it from the reputational crisis. Both firms are ultimately backed by governments. In any case, demand for planes will grow. But ahead lie environmental and technological uncertainty, organisational comple\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003Exi\u003C\u002Fi\u003Ety and geopolitical tension. The years of bumper margins may be over.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E當然，波音和空客都不會面臨破產。MAX 8機型存在的缺陷或許會得到解決，一如2013年波音787夢想客機系列曾出現電池問題，並最終得到解決。波音擁有127億美元現金，銀行會排着隊來緩解聲譽危機。兩家企業也會獲得各國\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-5\"\u003E政府\u003C\u002Fi\u003E全力支持。無論如何，全球對飛機的需求只增不減。但是，放眼未來，我們仍面臨諸多問題，包括環境和技術不確定因素、組織複雜性，以及地緣政治\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E緊張\u003C\u002Fi\u003E局勢。高枕無憂的日子或許就這樣結束了。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E編譯：楊雅婷\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E編輯：翻吧君\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E來源：\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E經濟學人（2019.03.14）\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E閱讀·經濟學人\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E企業的健康福利很難提升員工生產力\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E央行的作用與自動印鈔機無異嗎？\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E印度出手解救最大影子銀行卻留下後患\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E以牙還牙的貿易戰升溫不止\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E中國打造數字絲綢之路\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E挖掘加密貨幣正消耗大量電力\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E價值觀投資漸成氣候\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E葡萄牙利用養老金低稅方式增強旅遊業收入\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E機場通關排隊過長 航空公司花錢解憂\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp3.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FR69MnxW3IsH9KU\" img_width=\"640\" img_height=\"12\" alt=\"雙語閱讀｜波音Max 8空難或宣告黃金時代結束\" inline=\"0\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E翻吧·與你一起學翻譯\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci class=\"chrome-extension-mutihighlight chrome-extension-mutihighlight-style-1\"\u003E微信\u003C\u002Fi\u003E號：translationtips\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fp1.pstatp.com\u002Flarge\u002Fpgc-image\u002FR6GGNCl3FFJVdo\" img_width=\"200\" img_height=\"105\" alt=\"雙語閱讀｜波音Max 8空難或宣告黃金時代結束\" inline=\"0\"\u003E"'.slice(6, -6), groupId: '6720577218176614926