2017年12月28日，巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國駐華大使館商務參贊艾爾法·伊克巴爾（Erfa Iqbal）博士訪問了清華大學一帶一路戰略研究院，受到了研究院執行院長史志欽教授、博士後陸洋和學術助理明月的熱烈歡迎。伊克巴爾博士感謝了史志欽教授及其團隊爲“一帶一路”倡議所做的工作與貢獻，並強調了中巴雙方可以通過研究合作、戰略合作伙伴關係和信息交流等方式共同在“一帶一路”倡議中發揮重要作用。

伊克巴爾博士指出了在中國21世紀海上絲綢之路建設中的一些關鍵合作領域。她提到，“一帶一路”倡議是一種獨特的互惠共贏模式，將以前所未有的方式促進全球化和各國經濟發展。“一帶一路”包涵的不是任何新殖民主義或新帝國主義的思維方式，而是人類互利、經濟增長和共同繁榮的信念。中國正通過這樣的信念來定義和傳播“世界新秩序”的精神。

作爲“一帶一路”倡議的旗艦項目，中巴經濟走廊（CPEC）對於切實實現中國的未來願景具有極其重要的意義。中巴經濟走廊是發電項目、基礎設施發展和經濟特區的有機結合。此外，中巴經濟走廊的核心項目瓜達爾港和自貿區的成功建設將爲整個地區的經濟社會發展創造機會。

與會人員還就如何推動這一願景實現的問題進行了討論。中國和巴基斯坦政府都在有效地實施和推動中巴經濟走廊的建設。伊克巴爾博士在北京擔任商務參贊的四年時間裏，見證了中巴雙方的友誼對經濟合作的推動。她簡要地介紹了中國和巴基斯坦在中巴經濟走廊建設中取得的一系列成就和麪臨的挑戰。

雖然兩國政府都保證了中巴經濟走廊項目順利、及時和令人滿意的實施，並且還建立了雙方聯合委員會作爲衡量進展狀況的機制，但項目最終的成敗將由私營合作伙伴和合資企業來決定。有鑑於此，還有幾個方面的問題需要解決。例如，中方應當多加了解巴基斯坦政府和私人主體對中國的具體期望，巴基斯坦也同樣需要學習關於經濟特區模式的中國發展戰略，這樣才能使中巴經濟走廊建設取得成功。

另一個問題是，合資企業的組建速度可以加快。巴基斯坦和中國的相關機構可以齊聚一堂，與政策制定者和諧共商，提供爲企業發展指明方向的協助機制。兩國都在一定程度上面臨着信息流通方面的阻礙。例如，巴基斯坦需要能夠充分學習中國建立經濟特區經驗的渠道。每一個經濟特區的工業發展都將相應地帶來職業培訓、學校、醫院和住房計劃等社區問題，這些都還有待深入計劃。

伊克巴爾博士特別強調，在職業培訓方面巴基斯坦需要中國的指導和協助，這值得雙方認真分析研究，與天津市政府簽訂的培訓中心合作協議就是一個很好的例子。另一方面，中國對巴基斯坦商業環境的瞭解、對巴方政治和社會因素的考量還比較有限。如果不能解決現有的這些侷限性，中巴經濟走廊項目的實際潛力是無法充分得到實現的。

最後，與會人員一致表示，中巴雙方的研究機構應當共同協作，加強信息交流，以填補上述的空缺部分。學者和研究人員應當成爲實現雙方共同願景的關鍵一環。學者、政策決策者、企業和政府各方可以共同努力彌補現有的知識空白，促進中巴經濟走廊對實現“一帶一路”倡議的願景發揮核心作用。

Dr. Erfa Iqbal, Commercial Counsellor for the Embassy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan in Beijing paid a visit to the Institute of the Belt and Road Initiative Tsinghua University on 28 December 2017. She was welcomed by Professor Shi Zhiqin, Dr. Lu Yang, and Zoon Khan atthe institute. She thanked Professor Shi and his team for their dedication and contributions towards the Belt and Road Initiative and highlighted the role that can be played through research collaborations, strategic partnerships and exchange of information on both sides. 

She underlined some of the key areas for cooperation in the context of China’s 21st Century Silk Road. Dr. Iqbal emphasized that the BRI is a unique and mutually beneficial model for globalization and economic development in an unprecedented manner. The BRI is not any neo-colonial or neo-imperialist mindset but rather manifests itself in the spirit of mutual gain, economic growth and prosperity of mankind. Through this conviction China is defining and imparting a spirit for a New World Order. 

Moreover, as the flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative, the China Pakistan Economic Corridor is of immense importance for the effective realization of China’s vision for the future. CPEC is a combination of power generation projects, infrastructure development, and Special Economic Zones among others. In addition, the successful development of Gwadar Port and Free Trade Zone which is the heart of CPEC can create opportunities for the economic and social advancement of the entire region.

Some important questions were also raised about moving forward with the vision. Both Chinese and Pakistani governments are effectively implementing and developing CPEC. Her tenure as the Commercial Counsellor in Beijing for four years, has been a crucial one as she saw a friendship culminate into economic cooperation. Dr. Erfa brushed upon many of the achievements as well as challenges that China and Pakistan face as they move forward in the implementation phase of CPEC. 

While both governments have ensured smooth, timely and satisfactory implementation of CPEC projects, and the Joint Cooperation Committee is a mechanism in place for gauging the progress, the real success and failure will be determined by the private partnerships and joint enterprises. In this light several areas need to be addressed. For instance, research needs to be done on the expectations of China from Pakistani government and private actors. Pakistan similarly needs to understand the model of Special Economic Zones, China’s strategy of development, to be able to make CPEC a success.

However, the pace at which joint enterprises are forming can be enhanced. If institutes from Pakistan and China come together and work in harmony with the policy makers, a similar mechanism can be implemented to give a direction for enterprise development. Both countries face several barriers to information as well. For example, Pakistan needs access to Chinese experience in the establishment of SEZs. With each such zone along with industries human communities will evolve. This will require vocational training, schools, hospitals and housing schemes, all of which need to be understood.

Especially with respect to vocational training, scareful analysis and research needs to be done for which Pakistan can seek China’s guidance and assistance. A research pact with the Tianjin government to assist these training centers is an example of the kind of desirable collaborations. Like Pakistan, China also has relatively limited understanding of the business environment in Pakistan and the political and social aspects to consider.  Without addressing the existing limitations, the actual potential of CPEC projects cannot be achieved.

At the end, the participants agreed that, in order to bridge these gaps, research institutes on both sides can lead the way fo rjoint collaboration and information exchange. Academics and researchers will have to be the ones leading key policy choices for the realization of the shared vision. In this way academics, policy makers, enterprises and governments can together bridge existing knowledge gaps and CPEC can achieve the shared vision at the core of the Belt and Road Initiative. 

文：明月

譯：王美琪

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