微友提問

凌老師，早上好。我碰到個疑惑：教師提問中的批判性問題指什麼？我能理解成：教師根據學生的已知，激發他們對事物的評價性回答，闡述自己的看法嗎？謝謝！

您好！

“批判性問題”，來自於“批判性思維”。但是“批判性思維”是對“critical thinking”的錯誤翻譯，這種翻譯往往是來自於“懂教育學但是英語水平不高”的人的翻譯。所以，建議改成“審辨性問題”，也就是教師爲了培養學生的“審辨性思維”而進行提問。

另，關於不恰當的翻譯，凌哥以前也提到一個“微格分析”，來自於“Micro-case Analysis”，原本的意思是“小案例分析”。（參考閱讀：初中英語閱讀教學建議（2）Skimming和Scanning，你別上了當！）

審辨性思維的定義：

Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness.

譯文：

審辨性思維是一種智慧的思維過程，是思考者基於觀察、經歷、反思、推理、交流而形成概念、運用、分析、綜合、評價的過程，最終形成信念或者成爲行動規範。審辨性思維的通用的智力價值超越主觀的事物分類，具體而言，具有清晰、精確、精準、一致、相關的特點，證據完整、推理嚴密，體現思維的深度、廣度和公允。

該定義基本遵循了布魯姆的認知目標分類的框架。這個定義讀着過於理論化，但是看下錶中的分類以及實例，我們就可以看到審辨性思維並不是如同我們很多人想象的那樣虛無縹緲。

下面，以PEP五上Unit 5 There is a big bed A部分的對話教學爲例，凌哥提出一些“審辨性”思維的問題：

Knowledge(Identification and recall of information):

(books open or closed)

What room is this picture?

Who is in the photo?

Comprehension(Organization and selection of facts and ideas):

Whose bedroom is it?(Selection: Sarah, Zhang Peng, Mike)

Application(Use of facts, rules, and principles):

Is there a big bed in your bedroom?

What's your room like?

What other things are there in his room? Can you guess?

Analysis(Separating a whole into component parts):

What's on the desk?

What's on the wall?

What's next to the photo?

Synthesis(Combining ideas to form a new whole):

Use one or two sentences to talk about Zhang Peng's bedroom.

Are these things always in a bedroom?

Where else can they be?

Why is there a bike in his bedroom?

Work in groups and make this dialogue longer?

Evaluation(Developing opinions, judgements, or decisions):

Mike says, "There is a big bed (in Zhang Peng's room)." Do you agree?

What's wrong with the door?

Is the bed in a good place?

Will this computer work?

Is this a good/natural/true-to-life conversation?

值得注意的是，有的提問可能本身就是綜合性的，比如既可能涉及到綜合(synthesis)又涉及到評價(evaluation)。

【參考閱讀】

■課件1724 PEP六上U5 What does he do A Let's talk 20171030發佈

■課件1726 PEP 三上 U5 Let's eat A Learn and talk 20171122發佈

■課件1727 PEP六上U6 How do you feel Read and write 20171212發佈

問：凌哥，爲什麼你沒有在公衆號回答我的提問？

答：凌哥太忙，每天基本上只能免費、詳細回答一條。提問較多的時候，還要看微友的運氣了。凌哥有時還有好內容要和大家分享，就不能回答問題了。

問：如何才能提高被回答的概率？

答：建議您使用“在行一點”。在那兒，還可選擇“私密提問”。

問：爲什麼“在行一點”裏面無法提問了？

答：“在行一點”規定答主每天只能接收3個提問。機會有限，要搶哦！