原標題：Reddit用戶問我的最棒的問題 | 蓋茨筆記

來源：比爾蓋茨

Yesterday I did my 10th Ask Me Anything on Reddit. I love doing AMAs because the Reddit crowd as a whole is well-informed, Redditors don’t pull any punches, and good questions usually get voted up toward the top. This year I spent an hour taking questions about pandemic prevention, climate change, farmland, my cell phone, and much more. I wish I’d had time to answer even more.

昨天（文章發佈於5月21日），我在Reddit上完成了第10次“問我任何事”（AMA）在線問答。我很喜歡AMA活動，因爲Reddit的用戶羣體知識廣博，問題犀利，而且好的問題通常會被置頂。今年，我花了一個小時回答了關於大流行病預防、氣候變化、農田、我的手機等問題。我本希望有時間來回答更多的問題。

Here’s a transcript of my favorite questions and my answers:

以下摘錄了一些我最喜歡的問題以及我的回答：

·    ·    ·

Redditor’s question: In the Netflix documentary series, one thing that was quite remarkable to me was how you and your team were able to design a nuclear reactor that produces uses already nuclear waste as a fuel. However this design was never implemented due to political reasons. My question is: Given that this technology has the potential to be the most-effective green energy source and have a key role in reversing climate change, what’s the current status on the project? Is it a likely possibility that this nuclear reactor will be built in the upcoming years? If so, do you plan on building in China or would you consider building such a project on US soil? Thanks.

Reddit用戶的問題：在網飛（Netflix）的系列紀錄片中，有一幕讓我印象深刻，那就是你和你的團隊如何利用已產生的核廢料作爲燃料，設計出一個核反應堆。但是由於一些政治原因，這一設計從未付諸實施。我的問題是：鑑於這項技術有潛力成爲最有效的綠色能源，並在扭轉氣候變化方面發揮關鍵作用，該項目目前處於何種狀態？這個核反應堆是否有可能在未來幾年內建成？如果是這樣，你們打算在中國建造，還是考慮在美國本土實施這一項目？謝謝。

My answer: We are still working on this. At first the project was a US-China joint venture but the US cancelled that. So now we are building the demo reactor in Wyoming where a coal plant is closing. It is very promising in terms of the cost and safety advances. If things go well a lot of these reactors will help solve climate change. Eventually we want reactors globally but the first ones will be in the US even though competing with natural gas electricity is hard here.

我的回答：我們仍在繼續推進這一項目。起初，該項目是美中合資的，但美國方面取消了這個項目。因此現在，我們正在懷俄明州一個正在關閉的煤廠建造示範反應堆。就成本和安全性取得的進展而言，該反應堆前景光明。如果進展順利，許多反應堆共同發揮作用將有助於解決氣候變化問題。最終，我們希望將反應堆推廣至全球，但首批反應堆將在美國建造，儘管在這裏會面臨與天然氣發電的激烈競爭。

·    ·    ·

Do you have a medical degree? Then why are you getting involved in medicine? Why should your medical opinion matter?

你有醫學學位嗎？你爲什麼要涉足醫學問題？爲什麼你的醫學觀點很重要？

The Foundation has a lot of Medical experts. It takes a huge range of skills to do things like Malaria eradication or Covid vaccines and therapeutics. I listen to the experts on specific medical advice. The system to prevent pandemics will require a lot more than just doctors so I wrote a book to start the discussion of what it should look like.

蓋茨基金會有很多醫學專家。諸如根除瘧疾或研發新冠疫苗和治療方法等此類工作需要各個領域的大量專業技能。我聽取專家們的具體醫療建議。一個大流行病預防體系需要的不單單是醫生，因此，我寫了一本書來發起討論，研究這個體系應該是什麼樣子。

·    ·    ·

How do you see climate change happening in next 10-20 years? And how are we doing as a civilization to counter that? What's our biggest challenge?

你如何看待未來10-20年內的氣候變化？我們的文明該如何應對氣候變化？我們面臨的最大挑戰是什麼？

The key is to be able to make things like electricity, steel, cement and meat without any emissions but at a cost equal or lower than today's cost. My efforts at Breakthrough Energy is to fund the innovators and help them scale up. I am optimistic because the progress on innovation in the last 3 years with the companies that have been funded is going very well.

關鍵在於，我們能夠以與現在相同或更低的成本製造出電力、鋼鐵、水泥和肉類等產品，同時保證不產生任何碳排放。我在“突破能源”所做的工作就是資助創新者，並幫助他們擴大規模。我很樂觀，因爲在過去三年裏，獲得資助的公司在創新方面的進展非常順利。

·    ·    ·

Why did you pressure vaccine researchers not to open source the MRNA covid vaccines as was originally planned? Dont you think that wider access to this information would have increased access to vaccines at a critical time?

你爲什麼向疫苗研究人員施壓，不讓他們按原計劃公開MRNA新冠疫苗的信息？你難道不認爲在這樣的關鍵時刻，更廣泛地獲取這些信息會增加疫苗的可及性嗎？

Our Foundation is funding the low cost vaccine manufacturers to do mRNA vaccines. They used other platforms for pandemic vaccines but in the future we will make sure they can do mRNA as well. We are funding mRNA to be used for HIV and Malaria. All the steps to get Covid vaccines out were done by the summer of 2020 and it lead to huge scaling up to put us in the oversupply situation we are in today. With the right technologies we can do it a lot faster and more equitably in the future.

我們基金會正在資助低成本疫苗廠商生產mRNA疫苗。以前，他們使用其他平臺生產新冠疫苗，但在未來，我們將確保他們也能生產mRNA疫苗。我們正在資助mRNA技術用於治療艾滋病和瘧疾。所有新冠疫苗的研發步驟都是在2020年秋天之前完成的，這促使了疫苗的大規模生產，使我們如今處於疫苗過剩、供過於求的局面。有了正確的技術，我們就可以在未來更快、更公平地研發疫苗。

·    ·    ·

How did you manage with stress during all of your class-action lawsuits of the 1990s and 2000s?

在20世紀90年代和21世紀初的一系列集體訴訟事件中，你是如何應對壓力的？

Although those lawsuits were tough I have been super lucky in my life and I had a good team of people working with me to help get them settled and move ahead.

雖然那些訴訟很艱難，但我在生活中超級幸運，我擁有一個很好的團隊與我一起工作，幫助我解決問題，繼續前進。

·    ·    ·

Bill, thank you for taking the time. Big fan of both your work at Microsoft, Bill and Melinda Gates foundation and Berkshire Hathaway. I want to ask you about how most philanthropists think about RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF CHARITY. Most (billionaire) people doesn't seem to put much effort on it and just pick whatever subject they're most interested. As far as I understand, you option for epidemiology and sanitation was a diligent choice, because you think that money and a drive for business gives the most bang for the buck (some newspapers cover your fierce negotiation position to get us the vaccines, something that you are good at and I am thankful for). My question is. Do you think that most philanthropists are as diligent on their philanthropy as they were when they made their wealth? What are good themes where a drive for business can help the most?

比爾，感謝你抽出時間回答問題。我很欣賞你在微軟、比爾及梅琳達·蓋茨基金會以及伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司所作的工作。我想請問，大多數慈善家如何看待慈善事業的投資回報率？大多數（億萬富翁）似乎並沒有在這上面花費太多精力，只是選擇了他們最感興趣的領域。據我所知，你對流行病學和衛生的資助是一個高投入的選擇，因爲你認爲金錢和商業投入會帶來最物超所值的結果（一些報紙和媒體報道了你爲給我們爭取疫苗而採取的激烈的談判立場，這是你所擅長的，我對此表示感謝）。我的問題是：你認爲大多數慈善家在慈善事業上是否仍像他們創造財富時那樣投入？哪些主題商業動力可以提供最大的助力？

I was stunned when I found out that a life could be saved for under $1000. This came when I read about what kids die of including the 1993 World Development report. So our Foundation (supported by Warren Buffett's incredible generosity) prioritized this. The success of our work in Global Health is well beyond what I would have expected. I do work with other philanthropists a lot including through the Giving Pledge where they can learn and be encouraged to be bold.

當我發現，付出不到1000美元就可以挽救一個人的生命時，我深受震撼。這是我從包括1993年世界發展報告等材料中讀到兒童死亡的原因時瞭解到的。因此，我們的基金會（獲得了沃倫·巴菲特極大的慷慨支持）將這一點作爲了優先考慮事項。我們在全球健康領域工作的成功遠遠超出了我的預期。我的確經常與其他慈善家合作，包括通過“捐贈誓言”的活動。這一捐贈承諾組織幫助人們瞭解並鼓勵他們大膽捐贈財富。

·    ·    ·

Mr. Gates, What are your thoughts on indoor farming?

蓋茨先生，你如何看待室內農業？

For some high value crops it can work. For the cereal crops like wheat, rice and maize it is unlikely to ever be economic. We can improve seeds for all crops a lot to increase productivity - this is a key investment to help reduce the problems caused by climate change.

對於一些高價值的作物，室內農業是可行的。對於小麥、水稻和玉米等穀類作物來說，這種做法不夠經濟實惠。我們可以對所有作物的種子進行大幅改良，以提高產量——這是一項關鍵的投資，有助於減少氣候變化引發的問題。

·    ·    ·

Can you a still jump over a chair from a standing start?

你還能從站立姿勢起跳，跳過椅子嗎？

A smaller chair than I could do at age 30... Pretty small now. I try to stay fit playing a lot of tennis.

相比我30歲時能跳過的椅子，我現在能跳過的椅子要小一點...小得多。我現在靠常打網球來努力保持身材。

·    ·    ·

Took 4 doses of vaccine, 5G reception still bad. Any tips?You need 5th one, with 4 you'll only get LTE at most

我接種了4劑疫苗，但5G接收信號仍然不好。有什麼建議嗎？

你需要接種第5劑疫苗，只接種4劑你最多隻能使用4G網（LTE）。

I must be wearing the wrong kind of tin foil hat because it doesn't work for me.

我一定是戴錯了錫箔帽，因爲它對我不起作用。

（譯者注：錫箔帽（tin foil hat）是一種用鋁箔紙製作的帽子，佩戴這種帽子的人們相信這能夠幫助他們免受腦控、電磁場、讀心術和精神控制的影響。科學界相信這是患有被害妄想等精神疾病和受到僞科學的誤導。這個詞多用作指代陰謀論者。）

·    ·    ·

Hello Mr. Gates, huge fan of your work. What advice would you give young people who want to make a positive impact on this world? Greetings from Honduras.

你好，蓋茨先生，我是你的忠實粉絲。你會給那些想要對這個世界產生積極影響的年輕人什麼建議？來自洪都拉斯的問候。

The ideal thing is to read a lot and hopefully find a skill you enjoy that can have impact. For some that means being great at science or engineering. For some it means being a great communicator or politician. For some it means being a nurse or a doctor. The opportunity to learn is better today than ever before.

理想的做法是大量閱讀，希望能夠找到一種你喜歡、且能產生影響的技能。對一些人來說，這意味着在科學或工程領域有所擅長。對有些人來說，這意味着成爲一位善於溝通的人或偉大的政治家。對有些人來說，這意味着成爲一名護士或醫生。現在，學習的機會比以往任何時候都要更多更好。

·    ·    ·

What is the future of nuclear power?

核能的前景如何？

There is nuclear fission. If it can solve the cost, safety and waste concerns it can make a massive contribution to solving climate change. I am biased because I have been investing over a billion in this starting over a decade ago. Also promising is nuclear fusion. It is less clear if we will succeed but it has less safety and waste issues if it works. So I am hopeful nuclear will improve and be a huge help for climate.

現在已有核裂變技術。如果能解決其成本、安全和廢料問題，該技術可以爲解決氣候變化做出巨大貢獻。我之所以偏愛它，是因爲十年來，我已經爲此投資了超過10億美元。核聚變也很有前景。目前還太不清楚我們是否會成功，但如果能夠成功，核安全性和廢料問題就會更少。因此，我對核能技術的進步充滿希望，並相信核能能夠對氣候變化起到巨大的幫助。

·    ·    ·

What's the one thing you've bought that's brought you the most joy?

你買過的哪一樣東西給你帶來了最大的快樂？

If we do succeed in polio eradication that will be super joyful. It has taken a lot of patience and great strategy to get close to success. The thing that has succeeded the best so far is funding vaccines for poor countries through GAVI. I do like burgers, nice tennis racquets and all the great streaming services but nothing too unique.

如果我們真的能夠成功根除脊髓灰質炎，那將使我極其開心。接近實現該目標需要大量的耐心和偉大的戰略。到目前爲止，最成功的事情就是通過全球疫苗免疫聯盟（GAVI）爲貧困國家提供疫苗資助。我確實喜歡漢堡、漂亮的網球拍和所有超棒的流媒體服務，但沒有哪一個稱得上最愛。

·    ·    ·

Your top 5 books of all time?

看過的所有書中，你最喜歡哪5本？

Two of Smil's latest Grand Transitions and How the World Really Works are great. Pinker has a lot of great books including The Better Angels of our Nature. I am just finishing the Coddling of the American Mind which was good. Ezra Klein's book on Polarization is good. Of course fiction books are more fun like Heart or A Gentleman in Moscow or All the Light you cannot see...

斯米爾的兩本最新著作《大轉變：現代世界是如何形成的》和《世界是如何真正運作的》（中文名暫譯）都很棒。平克有很多好書，包括《我們本性中更好的天使：爲什麼暴力已經衰落》。我剛剛讀完《嬌慣的心靈：“鋼鐵是怎麼沒有煉成的》，這本書很不錯。埃茲拉·克萊因的《我們爲什麼會兩極分化》一書也不錯。當然，小說類書籍更有趣，比如《心》或《莫斯科紳士》或《所有我們看不見的光》...

·    ·    ·

How are you guys preventing further strain mutations and vaccine adaptability of viruses for the "no more pandemics" goal?

爲實現“不再有大流行病”的目標，你們如何阻止病毒的進一步變異以及解決疫苗適應性問題？

We can make vaccines that have 3 additional things: broad coverage, long duration and infection blocking. These need to be R&D priorities to prevent pandemics but they will also be super helpful for all sorts of diseases.

我們可以製造出具有三種額外特性的疫苗：覆蓋範圍廣、保護時間長和有效阻斷感染。這些需要成爲預防大流行病的研發重點，但同時它們對預防各種疾病也會非常有幫助。

·    ·    ·

Why is the COVID-19 model behaving very differently in America as compared to other countries? With state-of-the-art vaccines and close to 70% of people fully vaccinated, the cases are always rising after dipping for a few days. Looking at the statistics of the number of people catching COVID and the number of people dying due to it, seemed like this was to end by January / February. The model is quite weird.

爲什麼美國的新冠模型與其他國家差別很大？美國有着最先進的疫苗和接近70%的疫苗完全接種率，感染病例卻總是在幾天的短暫下降後回升。從感染新冠和因其死亡的人數統計來看，似乎大流行應在1月或是2月就會結束。這一模型相當奇怪。

The new variants come along and evade immunity from vaccination and infection. Also immunity wanes fairly quickly in the elderly. When the cases are high people do change their behavior and when they are low they go back to normal behavior. So you get huge ups and downs in the case rate driven by seasons, variants and people's behavior. Fortunately Omicron is less fatal than previous variants.

新的病毒變種出現，同時發生免疫逃逸（譯者注：指人們失去疫苗接種和感染後獲得的免疫力）。此外，老年人的免疫力下降得相當快。當感染病例較多時，人們確實改變了他們的行爲，而當病例數較少時，他們又迴歸常態。因此，受季節、病毒變種和人們行爲的影響，感染率會有巨大的起伏。幸運的是，奧密克戎與此前的變種相比沒有那麼致命。

·    ·    ·

Which developing countries are you most optimistic about?

你最爲看好哪些發展中國家？

Some of the so called LMIC (Low Middle Income) countries have huge promise - Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Indonesia. In Africa it is important for Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria and Ethiopia to succeed. Ethiopia was doing well until the civil unrest so hopefully they can get past that. Some of the smaller countries are doing well but we need the big ones to also do well.

一些所謂的中低收入國家有着光明的前景——比如越南、印度、巴基斯和印度尼西亞。在非洲，肯尼亞、坦桑尼亞、尼日利亞和埃塞俄比亞的成功也至關重要。埃塞俄比亞在發生內亂之前一直做得很好，我希望他們能夠渡過難關。一些小國做得很好，但我們需要那些大國也表現良好。

·    ·    ·

What happened with the Oxford vaccine? Why wasn't it open source so that all countries could make it? I am so sad over how slow the vaccination in third world countries has been.

牛津/阿斯利康新冠疫苗發生了什麼問題？爲什麼不公開疫苗的信息，讓所有國家都能生產？我對第三世界國家疫苗接種工作進展緩慢感到非常難過。

The world did not get the vaccines out in an equitable way. Places like India did well because the Gates Foundation, Serum and the Government of India worked together to make 1.4B doses of the Astra Zeneca vaccines. It was a tragedy that old people in countries like South Africa got vaccines after young people in other countries. My book talks about how we can do better next time. Today there is plenty of vaccine but still the distribution and demand is holding back coverage.

世界並沒有以一種公平的方式獲得疫苗。像印度這樣的國家做得很好，因爲有蓋茨基金會、印度血清研究所和印度政府的共同努力，生產了14億劑阿斯利康疫苗。而南非等國的老人在其他國家的年輕人接種之後才獲得疫苗，這是一場悲劇。我的書中談到了下次我們如何能做得更好。現在已有大量的疫苗，但其分發和需求問題仍在阻礙着疫苗的普及。

·    ·    ·

What are the biggest innovations in global and public health you expect to see in the next 5-10 years?

未來的5-10年裏，在全球健康和公共衛生領域，你期望看到的最大創新是什麼?

We are gaining understanding of malnutrition. Solving this would be huge for the 40% of kids in Africa who never fully develop their brains or bodies. We still need to prevent and cure HIV. We need to eradicate Malaria (which will take decades). We are close to eradicating polio. Other areas like better contraception or understanding and preventing pre-term birth and still births show promise.

我們正在逐漸瞭解營養不良的問題。解決這個問題對於非洲40%的兒童來說意義重大，因爲他們的大腦和身體從未發育完全。我們仍然需要預防和治癒艾滋病。我們需要根除瘧疾（這將需要幾十年時間）。我們已經接近於根除脊髓灰質炎。其他領域，如更好的避孕措施或研究和預防早產和死產，也顯露出光明前景。。

·    ·    ·

Why do you think the world was utterly unprepared for Covid?

爲什麼你認爲世界對新冠大流行完全沒有準備？

Infectious disease in rich countries isn't the big problem it used to be. For things like fire and earthquakes we have small ones to remind us of the problem. A pandemic that gets into Europe or the US only comes along rarely so it is easy to not practice and not have dedicated resources. A few countries like Australia did a better job and have 10% of the deaths of most rich countries.

傳染性疾病在富裕國家已經不像過去那樣是個大問題了。而像火災和地震這樣的事情，也時常有小規模的爆發來提醒我們注意。歐洲或美國經歷的大流行病很少，所以它們很容易缺乏實踐，也沒有專門的應對資源。少數國家如澳大利亞做得比較好，該國的新冠死亡人數僅佔最富裕國家死亡人數的10%。

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I was in the 2nd cohort for the Gates Millennium scholarship. 💗 Just wanted to personally thank you for helping me be the 1st in my family to attend college. Do you still have any involvement with the scholar program?

我是蓋茨千年獎學金的第二批獲獎學生。💗只是想親自感謝您的幫助，讓我成爲家中第一個上大學的人。您現在還參與這個獎學金項目嗎？

Yes. The Foundation did 20,000 scholarships under the original program. We have an ongoing program that is not quite as big but still is attracting great students. I am always inspired when I meet the students who received the scholarship and are helping other kids.

是的。我們基金會在原項目中提供了20,000個獎學金名額。我們還有一個正在進行的項目，雖然規模不大，但仍在吸引着優秀學生。每次與那些獲得獎學金並正致力於幫助其他孩子的學生見面時，我總是深受鼓舞。

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How short are you on GME?

你賣出了多少遊戲驛站（GME）的股票？

I have never been long or short gamestop.

我從來沒有做多或做空過遊戲驛站的股票。

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What do you think the long-term impact of covid will be on society? I'm out in NYC and we are at a point where 1 in 5 people are catching covid and no one seems to be receptive of preventing the spread anymore. I ended up getting it last week despite being vaccinated and the symptoms were awful. Do you think there will be long-term ramifications of everyone going through covid in the next few months because people are unwilling to prevent the spread anymore?

你認爲新冠疫情對社會的長期影響會是什麼？我現在客居紐約，，我們這裏每五個人中就有一個感染了新冠，而且似乎也沒有人願意阻止疫情傳播。儘管已經接種了疫苗，上週我還是感染了新冠，而且症狀很嚴重。因人們不再願意做些什麼來阻止疫情傳播，你認爲在接下來的幾個月裏，每個人都會經歷新冠的長期影響嗎？

Neither vaccination or infection prevents you from getting infected again but the disease will be milder and you will spread it less. Scientists funded by the Foundation are working on vaccines that prevent you from getting infected but those are 3-4 years away in the best case. So until then we will have to keep getting boosted (especially people who are older or who have co-morbidities).

疫苗或感染都不能防止你再次被感染，但疾病的症狀會更溫和，你傳播病毒的概率也會更小。由蓋茨基金會資助的科學家們正在研究防止你（再次）被感染的疫苗，但這些疫苗在最好的情況下也需要3至4年才能研發出來。所以在那之前，我們將不得不繼續接種加強針（尤其是那些年齡較大或有合併症的人羣）。

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What kind of phone do you have?

你在用什麼手機?

I have an Android Galaxy ZFold3. I try different ones. With this screen I can get by with a great portable PC and the phone and nothing else.

我有一部三星Galaxy系列的摺疊屏智能手機Galaxy ZFold3。我會嘗試不同的機型。有了這部手機的屏幕，我相當於同時擁有了一臺很棒的便攜式電腦和一部手機，不需要其他設備了。

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What's something I can do now to help with climate change?

我現在能夠做些什麼來幫助應對氣候變化？

As green products come out like electric cars or synthetic meat or heat pumps for home heating/cooling they will cost a bit extra. By buying these products you drive scaling up which will lead to lower prices so "green premiums" are reduced. Other than your political voice or influencing the company you work at this is probably the biggest thing you can do.

綠色產品，如電動汽車、合成肉或用於家庭供暖/製冷的熱泵紛紛湧現，它們將需要一些額外的成本。通過購買這些產品，你會推動其擴大生產規模從而降低價格因此“綠色溢價”會減少。除了你的政治聲音或對你工作的公司產生影響之外，這可能是你爲抗擊氣候變化所能做的最大貢獻。

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Hey Bill, what do you think about Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies?

嘿，比爾，你如何看待比特幣和加密貨幣？

I don't own any. I like investing in things that have valuable output. The value of companies is based on how they make great products. The value of crypto is just what some other person decides someone else will pay for it so not adding to society like other investments.

這兩者我都沒有買過。我喜歡投資有價值產出的東西。公司的價值在於他們如何製造出偉大的產品。加密貨幣的價值只是一部分人能夠決定另一部分人爲其支付的費用，所以不像其他投資那樣對社會有所貢獻。

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Quite a big chunk of the population of my country (for some reason) believes that you're the one responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and that you're trying to take control of the human population by injecting chips in them through vaccines. What would you say to these people?

我所在的國家相當大的一部分人（出於某種原因）認爲，你是造成新冠大流行的罪魁禍首，你試圖通過疫苗向人類注入芯片來控制他們。你會對這些人說些什麼？

In 2015 I spoke out about my fears a pandemic would come up and cause tens of millions of deaths. My foundation funds vaccine research to save lives. I spend billions on vaccines and I am proud they have helped cut under 5 deaths in half over the last 20 years (from 10% to 5%). The idea of chips in the vaccines doesn't make sense. Why would I want to know where people are? What would I do with the information?

2015年，我曾公開表示我擔心一場突然出現的大流行病將導致數千萬人死亡。蓋茨基金會資助疫苗研究以拯救生命，我在疫苗上投入了數十億美元。在過去20年間，疫苗使得5歲以下兒童的死亡率減少了一半（從10%降至5%），我爲此感到自豪。在疫苗中植入芯片的想法是毫無依據的。我爲什麼要知道人們在哪裏？我要這些信息做什麼？

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What do you think is the best way to combat misinformation / politicization of public health concerns by politicians or bad news outlets?

你認爲打擊政客或不良新聞媒體散佈關於公共衛生問題的錯誤信息或將其政治化的最佳方式是什麼？

I keep looking for good idea of how to stop the bad information. Some stuff is obviously wrong and right now even that doesn't get stopped. The interest level in the crazy explanations make that spread really fast and the truth doesn't spread because it is boring. I feel bad if these rumors prevent people from getting vaccinated and boosted since that has saved millions of lives.

我一直在想辦法阻止這些不良信息。有些內容很顯然是錯誤的，而現在即使它們錯得如此離譜也沒有得到阻止。人們對於流言蜚語的狂熱興趣使謠言傳播得非常快，而真相卻沒有得到傳播，因爲真相往往很無聊。如果這些謠言阻止了人們接種疫苗和加強針，我會感到很難過，因爲疫苗已經拯救了數百萬人的生命。

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What do you plan to do with all the farmland you have purchased?

你打算如何使用所購買的農田？

My investment team bought the farmland. It is less than .1% of all US farmland because the ownership is so diverse. We invest in the farms to raise productivity. Some are near cities and might end up having other uses.

我的投資團隊買下了這些農田。農田所有權是多樣化的，而我們所購買的，總面積還不到美國所有農田的0.1%。我們投資農田是爲了提高產量。有些靠近城市的農田最終可能有其他用途。

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What is an appropriate level of taxation for the rich?

對富人來說，適當的徵稅水平是多少？

A tax system needs to be progressive. Getting marginal rates above 60% often leads to a lot of complex avoidance if your system allows for that. It is strange to have the capital gain rate below the ordinary income rate. An estate tax could go somewhat above 60% - it is amazing how few countries have those.

稅收制度必須是累進的。如果制度允許，邊際稅率超過60%往往會導致很多複雜的避稅行爲。讓資本利得稅率低於普通收入所得稅率是很奇怪的。遺產稅可能會超過60%——令人驚訝的是，只有很少一部分國家有這種稅率。