摘要：想了解完整版考题以及更多SAT备考信息的同学。历史文章在备考时注意话题词汇的积累，由于多是年代较为久远或者长难句较为多的文章，加上大家之前对建国文献或者全球对话类文章不熟悉，建议把做过的真题进行反复精读分析。

Daisy 刘恋

4年雅思托福等课程教学经验。东南大学英语专业硕士，曾任职于译林出版社，卓越国际交流教育基金会。对于各类阅读考试能融会贯通，深谙考试规律，直击考点。授课条理清晰，善于抓住学生的薄弱环节，因材施教，帮助不同基础的学生找到适合自己的方法。曾为南京大学等高校提供英语团训。参与编写托福核心词汇，SAT 阅读历史知识等教辅。她的“结构阅读法”能帮助学生们提炼文章逻辑，预测出题点。收获大量托福阅读 28+，SAT 700+学员。

第一篇小说

名称：Mrs. Manstey’s View

年代：1891

文章大意:

M太太经常坐在自己的窗子旁边做自己的事情，并欣赏窗外的景色，尤其是各种花卉植物。她并不真正喜欢有人到访，也不喜社交。有天S太太到访，M太太表现的有些淡漠，M太太说今年的木兰花开的很好，S太太表示并不知道院中还有这种花。S太太告诉她，有位邻居要扩建房子，也许今后会影响M太太的视野，M太太对这个消息感到非常法非常失望，但是无力改变，只能默默的看着那日窗外异常美丽，但也许不会再有很多机会看到的景色。

考题：

1.词汇题:idle

2.focus shift 文章视角转换题:18行，小说出现了怎样的内容转变？

3.目的题: 询问M和太太的对话起到什么作用

4.词汇题:absorbing

5.细节题:S太太 宣布了哪一个消息

6.推断题:S太太没有发现M太太的反应

7.证据题:Mrs. Sampson对于邻居装修房子是什么态度

8.证据题

9.证据题: M太太对于邻居装修房子的态度

10.证据题

点评：虽然是19世纪的小说，但是语言并不难。整篇文章中等难度。证据题4个，词汇题2个。情节主要围绕两个人物的对话展开，大家读文章的时候重点把握可以突出人物性格的部分，和态度词，绝大部分的题目都会得到解决。重要的态度词已在文章中给大家标出。

文章原文（节选）：

Mrs. Manstey, in the long hours which she spent at her window, was not idle. She read a little, and knitted numberless stockings; but the view surrounded and shaped her life as the sea does a lonely island. When her rare callers came it was difficult for her to detachherself from the contemplation of the opposite window-washing, or the scrutiny of certain green points in a neighboring flower-bed which might, or might not, turn into hyacinths, while she feignedan interest in her visitor's anecdotes about some unknown grandchild. Mrs. Manstey's real friends were the denizens of the yards, the hyacinths, the magnolia, the green parrot, the maid who fed the cats, the doctor who studied late behind his mustard-colored curtains; and the confidant of her tenderer musings was the church-spire floating in the sunset.

One April day, as she sat in her usual place, with knitting cast aside and eyes fixed on the blue sky mottled with round clouds, a knock at the door announced the entrance of her landlady. Mrs. Manstey did not care for her landlady, but she submitted toher visits with ladylike resignation. To-day, however, it seemed harderthan usual to turn from the blue sky and the blossoming magnolia to Mrs. Sampson's unsuggestive face, and Mrs. Manstey was conscious of a distinct effort as she did so.

第二篇历史

名称：the Man with the Muck Rake

年代：1906

作者:罗斯福

文章大意：

罗斯福（1858年10月27日-1919年1月6日，美国军事家、政治家，第26任总统）

以《天路历程》(The Pilgrim’s Progress)作为引子，呼吁揭发包括政界商界在内的一切犯罪和丑闻，但警告这样的揭发必须以事实作为依据，不能借此造谣污蔑，否则只会造成更大后果，虽然罗斯福意识到自己这样的呼吁很容易被人误解和利用，但他还是依旧坚持作出了这样的号召。

关于耙粪记者的相关背景介绍：

所谓“耙粪记者/耙粪运动”(muckraker)，也称黑幕揭发记者/运动，是指美国19世纪末20世纪初掀起的一股新闻报道浪潮，一些记者和报刊致力于深入调查报道黑幕，揭发丑闻，对社会阴暗面进行揭示。其名称源于西奥多·罗斯福总统的一次演讲。此演讲中，罗斯福将20世纪初一批致力于揭丑、暴露、煽情等报道的记者，比作英国作家约翰·班扬小说《天路历程》中的一个反派人物，他从不仰望天空，只是手拿粪耙，埋头打扫地上的秽物。但是被批评的揭丑记者却不以为然，反而欣然接受这个称号。后来，人们便将这种新闻及报道这些新闻的记者和报刊称为耙粪运动、耙粪记者、耙粪报刊等，就如同人们将赫斯特报刊的煽情报道成为黄色新闻一样。

运动影响：

耙粪记者所掀起的黑幕揭发运动在美国历史上掀起了一次浪潮，被视为第四权利的重要体现。记者无冕之王的地位再次被巩固。在一定程度上对美国社会空气的净化起到了非常巨大而正面的影响。与此同时产生的连续性报道和深入报道在美国媒体上得到传承，其报道方式和关注点对美国新闻界影响巨大。

考题

1.1-2主旨题:第一题的选项均为抽象概括性描述，第二题要求给出罗斯福具体的central claim

3.目的题：提到天路历程中的角色the man with the mud rake的用意，

4.词汇题:service--答案work

5.修辞目的题：问重复出现every这个措辞的作用

6-7.细节+证据:罗斯福的关键观点揭发丑闻必须注意哪个方面

8-9.细节+证据: 罗斯福预见到自己的呼吁会被怎样错误运用

10.细节题:问揭发丑闻的人要承担怎样的社会责任

11.段落主旨题：最后一段的段落大意

点评：这次考试虽然历史没有出双篇，但是这片对于同学们来说还是难度较高。话题并不是占比最高的女权/黑奴问题。此篇背景对于大家来说相对比较陌生。已经在上文中给大家补充来背景知识。历史文章在备考时注意话题词汇的积累，由于多是年代较为久远或者长难句较为多的文章，加上大家之前对建国文献或者全球对话类文章不熟悉，建议把做过的真题进行反复精读分析。特别不擅长做此类文章的同学也可以放到最后一篇完成。

原文（节选）：

Over a century ago Washington laid the corner stone of the Capitol in what was then little more than a tract of wooded wilderness here beside the Potomac. We now find it necessary to provide by great additional buildings for the business of the government.

This growth in the need for the housing of the government is but a proof and example of the way in which the nation has grown and the sphere of action of the national government has grown. We now administer the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstripped by the growth of wealth in complex interests. The material problems that face us today are not such as they were in Washington's time, but the underlying facts of human nature are the same now as they were then. Under altered external form we war with the same tendencies toward evil that were evident in Washington's time, and are helped by the same tendencies for good. It is about some of these that I wish to say a word today.

第三篇科学（双篇）

文章名称：

1篇："Pigment or Bacteria? Researchers Reexamine the Idea of "color" in Fossil Feathers".

2篇："The True colors of Ancient Reptiles Revealed".

文章大意：

两篇文章讨论的是否能根据化石的微小结构pigment分布来判断原始reptile（主要是恐龙）的颜色。

考题

1.词汇题： drive=cause

2.细节题：为什么用鸡来做实验。

3.证据题

4.词汇题： determine =establish

5.态度题：第二篇文章对第一篇研究的态度。

6.主旨题：第二篇主旨

7.互联：两篇主旨取同

8.互联：细节取同

9.互联：关系取同

10.互联:第二篇对第一篇研究方法特点features的陈述。

点评：两篇文章逻辑清晰，难度适中。科学类的文章主要抓结构，弄清研究问题/人物理论/态度/实验/结果/评价/应用这几个问题。双篇文章最后几题主要考察互联和差异。

原文第一篇（节选）：

Paleontologists studying fossilized feathers have proposed that the shapes of certain microscopic structures inside the feathers can tell us the color of ancient birds. But new research from North Carolina State University demonstrates that it is not yet possible to tell if these structures – thought to be melanosomes – are what they seem, or if they are merely the remnants of ancient bacteria.

Melanosomes are small, pigment-filled sacs located inside the cells of feathers and other pigmented tissues of vertebrates. They contain melanin, which can give feathers colors ranging from brownish-red to gray to solid black. Melanosomes are either oblong or round in shape, and the identification of these small bodies in preserved feathers has led to speculation about the physiology, habitats, coloration and lifestyles of the extinct animals, including dinosaurs, that once possessed them.

第二篇（节选）：

Lots of fossils, such as the ichthyosaur shown here, are outlined or shellacked with a mysterious dark deposit. For a long time, scientists couldn't be sure what the material was or where it came from. Under the microscope, the material housed tiny egg-shaped structures that looked like melanosomes—the cell organelles that secrete pigments into an animal's skin. Other scientists thought the structures might be bacteria.

By studying the molecular composition of the pigments, the scientists in this study not only concluded that the deposits are pigment remains, but also determined what those pigments were. They say that three fossilized marine reptiles they studied—a 190-million-year-old ichthyosaur, an 86-million-year-old mosasaur, and a 55-million-year-old leatherback turtle—probably had blackish skin like the modern-day leatherback turtle.

第四篇社会科学

名称： The Surprising Benefits of Sarcasm

文章大意：

第一段写了讽刺的定义。第二段讲sarcasm其实可以提高人的创造力。第三段讲讽刺并不会改变要传达的意思。第四段讲讽刺要传达的批评意味比直接表达更强。第五段讲电子邮件会增加讽刺被误读的几率。文章后半部分做实验研究了讽刺为什么会提升创造力，原因是人们在讽刺被人或者听到讽刺的时候要动脑组织语言或者理解信息。

考题

1. 细节题:sarcasm的定义

2. 词汇题 :serious

3. 词汇题 badly

4. 细节题:2015年的实验之前的细节内容

5. 证据题:下面哪个证据能支持原文所说的实验中not surprising的部分

6. 证据题

7 .证据题:考的是实验研究的结果

8. 段落目的题:最后一段的作用

9-10 图表题

点评：社科类文章难度通常比较低，适用本篇，结构清晰，话题词汇难度中等偏简单。较容易拿分。复习时这种文章类型注意把握每段中心句，结构理清楚，会提高做题速度。

原文（节选）：

Sarcasm involves constructing or exposing contradictions between intended meanings. It is the most common form of verbal irony—that is, allowing people to say exactly what they do not mean. Often we use it to humorously convey disapproval or scorn. “Pat, don't work so hard!” a boss might say, for example, on catching his assistant surfing the Web.

And yet behavioral scientists Li Huang of INSEAD business school, Adam D. Galinsky of Columbia University and I have found that sarcasm may also offer an unexpected psychological payoff: greater creativity. The use of sarcasm, in fact, appears to promote creativity for those on both the giving and receiving end of the exchange. Instead of avoiding snarky remarks completely, our research suggests that, used with care and in moderation, clever quips can trigger creative sparks.

第五篇自然科学

名称：The passage adapted from City Rabbits, Like Humans, Live in Smaller Homes

文章大意：

捕猎等行为是兔子在一些国家减少，却在德国增加。研究发现都市化后兔子的洞穴变得越来越多。另外一个惊奇的发现是兔子趋向于以更小的群体为单位居住，可能的原因有两个，一是城市温度较高，二是资源丰富。

考题：

1.目的题:询问第一段的写作目的

2.词汇题:regular

3.细节题:询问研究意义，什么要研究兔子窝

4.证据题：哪一个句子可以支持一个观点，即，研究城市中的兔子窝比研究乡村的兔子窝容易

5. 词汇题：artificial 答案synthetic

6-7.证据题： 问实验者收集数据的方式说明了什么，答案兔子洞的外观可以说明兔子洞的尺寸

8.细节题：关于居住地环境温度和食物的细节

9-10.图表题：均为跟文章无关的图表题，简单。

点评：本篇文章难度较低，逻辑结构清晰，话题比较生活化，不生僻，背景词汇也较简单，所以即便是自然科学不是很擅长的同学做起来也不会怵。词汇题考察也很简单，注意联系文章，本文图表题不用联系文章，做起来也相对简单很多。自然科学类把握重点已经在第三篇点评中讲过，请大家参阅。

原文（节选）：

Imagine you’re on a particularly boring leg of a road trip and you start counting houses. You pass through long stretches of country without counting anything. When you do see houses, they’re clustered into towns, and may have spacious yards with tire swings. As you approach a city (finally!), rows of houses appear at regular intervals instead of clumping. And in the heart of the city they shrink into little apartments that go by too fast for you to count. European rabbits, it turns out, build their homes in a similar way—and since these animals are disappearing in the countryside, understanding their urban planning strategy matters to humans trying to conserve them.

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来源 | 江苏朗阁外语培训中心

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