Jerry Brown: Trump's 'gross ignorance' main obstacle in climate change fight

傑瑞·布朗：特朗普的“嚴重無知”是氣候變化鬥爭中的主要障礙

▌ 部分素材來源於《衛報》，世界播團隊翻譯

California governor is taking the lead in confronting planet’s ‘existential challenge’ and signs bill for carbon-free power by 2045

加州州長率先應對地球的“生存挑戰”，並簽署了無碳能源法案直到2045年。

Governor Jerry Brown discusses legislation he signed directing California to phase out fossil fuels for electricity by 2045. Photograph: Rich Pedroncelli/AP

州長傑裏·布朗討論他簽署的一項法案，該法案指示加州在2045年之前逐步淘汰化石燃料發電。圖片：富佩德隆塞利/美聯社

Jerry Brown, California’s governor, has accused Donald Trump of “gross ignorance” over climate change as he made his most sweeping actions yet to rid the world’s fifth largest economy of fossil fuels.

加州州長傑裏·布朗指責唐納德·特朗普對氣候變化“極度無知”，他採取了迄今最全面的行動，以消除這個全球第五大經濟體的化石燃料。

Brown not only signed a bill that calls for 100% of the state’s electricity to come from carbon-free sources by 2045 but also penned an executive order demanding that California completely eliminate net emissions across its economy, including transport and agriculture, by the same year.

布朗不僅簽署了一項法案，要求到2045年該州100%的電力採取無碳來源，而且還簽署了一項行政命令，要求加州在同年前完全消除整個經濟領域的淨排放，包括交通和農業。

The order, which cites “historic droughts, devastating storms, torrential storms, extreme heat … and threats to human health”, requires California pull more greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere than it puts in by 2046, using vegetation and new technologies.

該法案引用了“歷史上的乾旱，毀滅性的風暴，暴雨，極端炎熱的等對人類健康的威脅”，要求加州利用植被和新技術，在2046年之前將更多的溫室氣體從大氣中抽取出來。

Brown told the Guardian that California was taking the lead globally in confronting an issue that’s an “existential challenge” to the planet and claimed that Trump was the main obstacle to further progress.

布朗在接受《衛報》採訪時表示，加州在全球範圍內率先應對一個對地球來說是“生存挑戰”的問題，並聲稱特朗普是進一步取得進展的主要障礙。

“I don’t believe Trump represents the present but he has the power, he has the Republicans hook, line and sinker,” he said. “His unabashed acolytes will follow him over the cliff. Gross ignorance is dangerous. The battle is with Trump – that’s the number one fight. But once he’s out of there, dealing with climate change will still be a fight.”

他說：“我不認爲特朗普代表現在的主流，但他有權力，他有共和黨人的鉤子、線和下沉球。”“他那不知廉恥的隨從會跟着他下懸崖。嚴重的無知是危險的。這是與特朗普的鬥爭，這是第一場戰鬥。但一旦他離開總統寶座，應對氣候變化仍將是一場鬥爭。

The Trump administration has sought to dismantle emissions rules for coal-fired power plants and loosen fuel efficiency standards for cars and trucks, targeting California’s ability to set stricter vehicle regulations than the rest of the country.

特朗普政府試圖廢除燃煤發電廠的排放法規，並放寬汽車和卡車的燃油效率標準，目標是讓加州有能力制定比美國其他地區更嚴格的車輛法規。

Brown has set a target of 5m electric cars on California’s roads but said “at the rate we’re going they will be made by Chinese companies and that will principally be the fault of Donald Trump. The American auto industry is on the chopping block at at the moment he is chopping it into oblivion.”

布朗設定了加州道路上500萬輛電動汽車的目標，但他表示：“按我們目前的速度，電動汽車將由中國企業製造，這將主要是唐納德·特朗普的錯。他說：“美國的汽車工業目前正處於斷流之中，他正在把它砍得一乾二淨。”

The vision of carbon neutrality and the banishment of fossil fuels set out by Brown has taken aback even some environmentalists in a state that is a major oil and gas producer, as well as the nation’s agricultural heavyweight.

布朗提出的驅逐碳中和化和化石燃料的願景，甚至讓一個主要以石油和天然氣生產國以及國家農業重量級的一些環保人士也感到喫驚。

California will look to soak up carbon through expanded forests, at a time when enormous wildfires are a growing blight on the state, or inject carbon underground or in algal blooms – a technological challenge that has yet to be proven at scale.

加州將尋求通過擴張的森林吸收碳物質，而此時，巨大的野火正成爲該州日益嚴重的疫病，或者將碳注入地下或藻花中，這是一個尚未大規模證明的技術挑戰。

“Places like Sweden and Costa Rica have had those kind of pledges but California is the fifth largest economy in the world,” said Nigel Purvis, who oversaw environmental diplomacy at the state department under the Clinton and George W Bush administrations. “This is historic. It’s a really major step. Jerry Brown has been one of America’s great climate leaders.”

“像瑞典和哥斯達黎加這樣的國家已經做出了這樣的承諾，但加州是世界上第五大經濟體，”在克林頓和喬治·W·布什政府領導下負責國務院環境外交的奈傑爾·珀維斯說。“這是歷史性的。這是非常重要的一步。傑裏·布朗是美國偉大的氣候領袖之一。”

Now entering the twilight of his second spell as governor, Brown has forged a reputation for environmentalism, bringing in one of the first ever tax incentives for rooftop solar during his first period as the state’s chief executive, which ran from 1975 to 1983.

如今，布朗已進入第二任州長任期的最後時期，在1975年至1983年擔任該州首席執行官期間，他爲屋頂太陽能帶來了有史以來第一批稅收激勵措施之一，這使他在環境保護主義方面樹立了聲譽。

His second stint as governor, which began in 2011, has seen Brown throw himself at the issue of climate change, overseeing a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels during a period of strong economic growth by implementing a carbon-trading scheme that recently expanded in scope to help prevent deforestation overseas.

布朗第二次擔任州長是在2011年，他致力於解決氣候變化問題，在經濟強勁增長期間，他通過實施一項碳交易計劃，將溫室氣體排放量降至1990年的水平。該計劃最近擴大了碳交易的範圍，以幫助防止海外的森林砍伐。

Latterly, his tenure has brought him into diametric opposition to Trump. Brown has compared the president’s climate policies to falling off the top of the Empire State Building and said California will “launch its own damn satellite” if Trump hobbles Nasa’s climate research.

最近，他的任期使他與特朗普成了政治立場截然相反的對手。布朗將總統的氣候政策比作從帝國大廈的頂端墜落，並表示如果特朗普阻礙美國宇航局的氣候研究，加州將“發射自己的衛星”。

“He has pushed back the shallow narrative that you can’t grow the economy while cutting carbon pollution,” said Benjamin Houlton, director of the University of California Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment. “He’s shown that’s false. He’s set a model that can transform other countries.”

加州大學戴維斯約翰·穆爾環境研究所所長本傑明·霍爾頓表示：“他已經摒棄了那種膚淺的說法，即在減少碳污染的同時不能增加經濟發展。（加州州長）證明了這是一個錯誤的言論，他樹立了一個可以改變其他國家的榜樣。”

Brown has been assailed on the right by Republicans, who have claimed his targets are unfeasible and will raise the cost of electricity in the state, as well as some on the left who complain that he has been too willing to appease around oil and gas companies and has failed to phase out drilling in California.

布朗受到了右翼共和黨人的抨擊，共和黨人聲稱他的目標是不可行的，將提高該州的電力成本，還有一些左翼人士抱怨稱，他太願意安撫石油和天然氣公司，而且未能逐步停止在加州的鑽探活動。

Last week, Brown’s move to stop the Trump administration attempts to allow drilling off California’s coast was dismissed as “pure theater” by May Boeve, executive director of climate campaign group 350.org. “The governor says ‘not here, not now’, but he’s permitted more than 20,000 new oil and gas wells up and down California during his tenure,” she added.

她補充說：上週，布朗阻止特朗普政府試圖允許在加州海岸進行鑽探的舉動，被氣候活動集團350.org的執行董事博伊夫斥爲“純粹的鬧劇”。“州長說‘不是這裏，不是現在’，但他已經允許超過2萬新的石油和天然氣在他的任期內在加州上下活動”。

Further concerns have been raised over the stubbornly poor air quality in parts of the state, a problem that’s a particular burden for communities of colour that live near highways and industrial facilities such as oil refineries.

對於該州部分地區空氣質量極差的問題，人們提出了更多的擔憂，這對居住在高速公路和煉油廠等工業設施附近的有色人種來說是一個特別沉重的負擔。

“The critical question now is whether the transition to 100% renewable energy will be a just transition that benefits everyone, especially workers and communities most impacted by pollution and climate change,” said Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, which is based in the Bay Area.

“現在的關鍵問題是，向100%可再生能源的過渡是否是一個公正的過渡，能否讓每個人都受益，特別是受污染和氣候變化影響最大的工人和社區，”總部位於灣區的亞太環境網絡的執行主任米婭·吉谷說。

Brown himself has echoed the desire for a quickening of pace given the threats California faces – a recent report found the state is set for a major increase in temperatures and sea level, thousands of extra deaths and the loss of two-thirds of its beaches by the end of this century.

布朗本人也表示，考慮到加州面臨的威脅，希望加州加快步伐。最近的一份報告發現，到本世紀末，加州的氣溫和海平面將大幅上升，數千人死亡，三分之二的海灘將喪失。

This urgency will be spelled out in a major climate summit held in San Francisco this week, as mayors, business leaders and activists from around the world assemble in what will be the largest, and last, gathering on the issue hosted by Brown before he retires to the family ranch.

本週在舊金山舉行的一次重大氣候峯會將闡明這一緊迫性，屆時，來自世界各地的市長、商界領袖和活動人士將在布朗退休後回到家庭農場之前舉行規模最大、也是最後一次就這一問題召開會議。

“Transformation is not for wimps,” he said. “Yes it’s difficult but we are moving at a pace greater than any country. Is it too slow? Yes, but we’re doing everything we can.

他說：“懦夫是不會變革的。”“是的，這是困難的，但我們正在以比任何國家都快的速度前進。是不是太慢了？是的，但我們在盡我們所能。”

“My legacy is restoring my great-grandfather’s ranch. In 10 years there will be a whole new grid, a whole new political class.”

“我的遺產是恢復我曾祖父的牧場。十年後將會有一個全新的格局，一個全新的政治階層。”