宾语从句是中考的常客,在各个地方的考查方式大同小异,对话或单句形式都有考过。下面我们通过例题和方法归纳拿下这个知识点。

例1. —Can you tell me ______?

—Yes, he lives in a small town.

A. where he lives

B. who is singing

C. when he will leave

点拨:首先看答语说的是他住在一个小镇上,可知问句问的是关于住在哪里的问题,分析ABC选项,A:他住在哪里;B:谁在唱歌;C:他什么时候离开。很容易选出答案A。

例2. —I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term.

—Really? Do you know ______?

A. why does he comes here

B. how old is he

C. what subject he teaches

D. whether he loved our school

点拨:首先我们根据宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除A、B项,再结合题干中答句的时态为一般现在时态,故选C。

例3. I don’t know _________ the day after tomorrow.

A.when he comes

B.how will he come

C.if he comes

D.whether he’ll come

点拨:题干中已经给出时间the day after tomorrow,首先排除A、C项,再根据宾语从句需用陈述句语序,排除B,由题干可知时间为将来时态,故选D。

例4.—Can you tell me ______?

—Because I want to help the people there.

A. why you go to Tibet

B. why did you go to Tibet

C. how you are going to Tibet

D. how you were going to Tibet

点拨:首先根据答语的because可知在A、B中选,且宾语从句需用陈述句语序,故选A。

例5. —Do you know ______ we will arrive at your hometown?

—This afternoon.

A. when B. why B. if D. where

点拨:此题比较简单,根据答语This afternoon可直接选出答案A。

归纳总结一:语序

宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即正常的主谓语序,如果原句是疑问句改为宾语从句则应调整为陈述句语序。如:

I don’t know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪。

He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting.他问是否我们应该举行运动会。

归纳总结二:引导词

◆当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时,该从句通常由that引导。此时that没有具体意义,口语中可以省略。

◆当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,用连词if或 whether引导,意思为“是否”,表示选择。

注意:if和 whether在引导宾语从句时,一般可以互换。

但下列5种情况中只能用 whether,而不能用if:

1)当和or not一起使用时;

2)宾语从句用作介词宾语时;

3)当宾语从句移到句首表示强调时;

4)连词处于动词不定式前,用 whether而不用if;

5)用在discuss后面时。

小结:三前二后:句子前面,or not后面,不定式前;介词之后与discuss后,要用whether不用if。

◆当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,则用该特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。

归纳总结三:时态

◆主句:一般现在时→从句:根据实际需要各种时态,如:

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。(从句是现在完成时)

◆主句:一般过去时→从句:相应的过去时态,如:

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

注意:从句表示客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等,从句动词的时态不变,仍用一般现在时。如:

Hesaid that light travels much faster than sound.

他说光比声音传播得快。

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