宾语从句是中考的热点和难点,同时高考对于宾语从句考查也是经常进行。宾语从句的连接词、语序和时态以及宾语从句的否定转移和句式方面的转化都是高频考点,希望大家对其考试要点牢记于心,提高学习效率。

宾语从句的引导词。

宾语从句是主从复合句中的具体形式。它由两部分构成:主句+宾语从句。而在主句和宾语从句之间需要引导词来连接。也就是:主句+引导词+宾语从句。引导词主要有以下三种情况:第一,如果宾语从句是陈述句概念,用引导词that,在口语中可以省略。第二,如果宾语从句表述一般疑问句的语义,引导词就用if或whether。第三种情况,宾语从句表述特殊疑问句的语义,引导词用特殊疑问词。

补充:

一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句作介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if   eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.   b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether.   eg, Please let me know what to do next.   Could you tell me whether u go or not?   c. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.

宾语从句的时态

一般来说,英语从句的时态,主要是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的。但宾语从句主要有三种情况:一,主现不限:主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或者是祈使句的时候,从句的时态要根据具体的情况,选用相应的时态,而不受从句的限制。二,主过从过:如果主句的时态是过去时,那么从句的时态则要用与过去相应的某一时态。三,客观不变:如果从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象或者是普遍真理的时候,从句的时态要用一般现在时。

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句要使用陈述语句,即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

宾语从句的否定前移

否定前移在宾语从句中出现时,主句的主语是第一人称I或we,同时主句的谓语动词常为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等词。表达形式中,否定在主句,实际语义在从句。只不过从句中的否定,移到了主句谓语动词的前面。例如:I don't think he is right.

注意:翻译要遵循否定转移的特点,否定在从句;反问时,反问对应从句且用肯定形式。

宾语从句的转化

宾语从句的转化实际是把宾语从句的转化为短语或其他从句类型,主要有下面几种情况:

1.主句+宾语从句=主谓+to do sth

2.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+(疑问词)to do sth

3.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+sb/sth

4.主句+宾语从句=主+谓+sb/sth+宾语补足语

5.此外,主句+what宾语从句=主句+定语从句

具体:

1.当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.2.当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?3.当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词代词)+不定式”结构。例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.4.某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.5.某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

此外,it做形式主语+宾语从句的结构也可以不定式(短语)来简化。

It seemed/seems that从句→It seemed/seems to do .例如:

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

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