“第十九屆斯諾研討會”嘉賓發言推送的第五篇來自美國海倫·斯諾紀念基金會主席亞當·福斯特的《海倫·斯諾的歷史遺產》。

海倫·斯諾的歷史遺產

（亞當·福斯特致辭中文譯文）

我很榮幸能有機會參加第19屆斯諾研討會。很多人都知道，海倫·福斯特·斯諾是埃德加·斯諾的第一任妻子。作爲新中國成立的見證人，他們一起度過了那段不同尋常的時期。今天我將向大家講述我的伯祖母海倫的人生故事和她的歷史遺產。多年來，我看到中國人民對美國朋友的尊重和敬意，被他們的態度深深打動。謝謝你們記住並尊重我們的家族。

埃德加·斯諾紀念基金會及其40多年來推進中美兩國民間交流的工作，鼓舞着我們，我們也期待有機會爲此事業共同努力。

海倫·斯諾小傳

海倫·福斯特·斯諾於1907年9月21日出生在美國猶他州雪松市。小時候，她經常帶着她母親的柯達相機採訪親戚，記錄他們的故事。作爲猶他州拓荒者的女兒，她逐漸對其家族史萌發了濃厚的興趣，也因此激發出對新聞工作的熱愛。她的夢想是創作一部偉大的美國小說。海倫試圖拓展自己的世界觀，體驗生活，從而推動她的寫作及記者事業的發展。因此在1931年，她在美國駐上海領事館謀得一個職位。此時她還完全不知道，她將使用文字和母親的柯達相機，記錄下中國近代史上最重要的人物和事件。

抵滬不久，海倫在一家小咖啡館遇見埃德加·斯諾。後來，兩人結婚了，從此共同踏上一段不可思議的旅程，記錄下中國20世紀30年代的政治風雲。這對充滿活力的夫婦見證了“一二·九學生運動”等重大歷史事件。海倫應張學良之邀，去報道著名的西安事變發生前的政治形勢。海倫和埃德加冒着生命危險採訪早期紅軍領導人，讓全中國乃至全世界認識他們。在埃德加歷史性的保安（今志丹縣）之行後不久，海倫花了四個月的時間在延安窯洞裏採訪了毛澤東、朱德和周恩來等中共領導人。她還記錄下兩萬五千里長徵中倖存下來的士兵、婦女和兒童的故事。

衆所周知，海倫是“工合”運動發起者之一。該運動在當地建立合作社，爲難民提供物質援助。這種“同心協力”的運作模式幫助中國挺過20世紀30年代殘酷的抗日戰爭，併爲她贏得兩次諾貝爾和平獎提名。她與埃德加·斯諾和路易·艾黎等人一起，致力於在中國推廣“工合”運動。這一倡議不僅受到國共兩黨的支持，而且得到埃莉諾·羅斯福和印度總理尼赫魯等名人的認可，海倫在印度成立了近萬個“工合”合作社。

海倫在20世紀70年代回到中國，重返故地，拜訪舊友。她的11000張照片、64本圖書和手稿現收藏於猶他州普羅沃市楊百翰大學圖書館的湯姆·佩裏特藏室，由約翰·墨菲（John Murphy）及其團隊保管。她一生的事蹟和貢獻也在八路軍西安辦事處紀念館和鳳縣中國工合紀念館展出。

海倫還是中華文學基金會第一屆“理解與友誼國際文學獎”的獲得者，中國人民對外友好協會曾授予她“人民友好使者”的榮譽稱號。她1997年去世時，人們在人民大會堂爲她舉行悼念儀式。

海倫·福斯特·斯諾基金會

身爲海倫的侄孫，我希望將海倫的歷史遺產傳承下去，這是2018年我創立海倫·福斯特·斯諾基金會的初衷。它是一個位於美國猶他州的非營利組織。我們的使命是保存、推廣和傳承海倫的歷史遺產，在中國和世界其他國家之間建立理解的橋樑。我們的願景是繼續她的事業，促進美中兩國的相互尊重與合作。今天，在我們慶祝2021年海倫來華90週年之際，這一點顯得尤爲重要。海倫·福斯特·斯諾基金會尋求在三大重要領域傳承海倫的歷史遺產：

首先是文化和教育。由中國西北大學主辦的“海倫·斯諾翻譯獎”競賽在過去9年裏已成爲中國最重要的語言技能競賽之一。共有來自中國200多所大學的數千名學生參加該競賽。

我們支持在美國推廣中文教學，現在猶他州基礎教育階段（K-12）學習中文的學生人數佔美國總數的四分之一。我們也是今年“發明大會”（Invention Convention）的聯合主辦方，這是全世界基礎教育階段規模最大的發明比賽盛事之一。

我們基金會與江西省合作，準備未來3年內在猶他州鹽湖城建立一個陶瓷中心。該中心將展示世界著名的中國陶瓷藝術，爲社區提供相關指導和課程，爲文化交流提供良好的平臺。

其次是商業。據猶他州世界貿易中心稱，中國是該州最重要的貿易伙伴之一。我們爲美中兩國的企業提供交流機會，爲它們能夠在國外取得成功助一臂之力。

再次是城市交流和民間對話。我們與政府和社區領袖合作，建立對話和友好關係，包括民間交流和成果導向的中美姐妹城市關係。

我們的希望

最後，我想引用一段我最喜歡的海倫·福斯特·斯諾的文字。1937年，與護送她離開延安的保鏢郭申華（音譯）分別時，海倫這樣描寫當時的情景：“橫亙在中國和世界其他國家之間的長城似乎已經消失。這位中國男人聽懂了，流下眼淚，彷彿與至親離別。這是普通中國人與美國人的友誼。在這個世界，國與國、人與人之間的相互理解已遭到無情的破壞，而我絕不會做任何事去損害這種脆弱的特殊關係。”

我們代表海倫·福斯特·斯諾基金會，向所有認同“工合”精神的人們伸出友誼之手，共建美中人民之間的友誼，保衛世界和平。

謝謝大家。

Helen Foster Snow

Adam Foster

I’m grateful for the opportunity to participate in the 19th Edgar Snow Symposium. As many of you know, Helen Foster Snow was Edgar’s first wife. Together they shared an incredible history as eye-witnesses to the birth of modern-day China. Today I’d like to tell you more about the life and legacy of my great aunt Helen. Over the years I have observed the respect and honor China has for their American friends, and I am deeply touched by these gestures. Thank you for remembering and honoring our family.

We are inspired by the Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation and their over 40 years of international people to people exchange, and look forward to opportunities to work together in these efforts.

Helen’s History

Helen Foster Snow was born September 21, 1907 in Cedar City, Utah. As a child, she used her mother’s Kodak camera to interview her relatives and capture their stories. As a daughter of Utah pioneers, she grew a love for family history, which then led to a love of journalism. Her dream was to write the great American novel. Helen sought to expand her worldview and gain experience to benefit her writing and career, so in 1931 she secured a position with the American Consulate in Shanghai. Little did she know that with her mother’s Kodak camera, she would capture the photos and stories of some of the most important people and events in modern Chinese history.

Shortly after her arrival, Helen met Edgar Snow in a small cafe. They eventually married and began an incredible journey together recording the political climate of the 1930’s. This dynamic duo were eye-witnesses to critical events such as the December 9th student movement. Helen was invited by Zhang Xueliang to report on conditions leading up to the famous Xi’an Incident. At the risk of their own lives, Helen and Edgar interviewed the early leaders of the Red Army, thus introducing them to China and the rest of the world. Shortly after Edgar’s historic trip to Bao’an, Helen spent four months interviewing leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Zhou Enlai in the caves of Yan’an. She also captured the stories of soldiers, women, and children that survived the 6,000 mile Long March.

Helen is most known as the initiator of the Gung Ho (or Indusco) movement, which provided financial aid for refugees to establish local cooperatives. This “work together” model empowered China to survive the 1930’s war against Japanese aggression, and won her two nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. Along with Edgar Snow and Rewi Alley, Helen worked to spread Indusco throughout China. It was endorsed by both major political factions, and by notables such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Prime Minister Nehru of India, where 10,000 of Helen’s Gung Ho cooperatives were established.

Helen returned to China in the 1970’s visiting familiar friends and places from her past. Helen’s 11,000 photographs and 64 books and manuscripts are currently under the care of John Murphy and his team at the L. Tom Perry Special Collections at the Brigham Young University Library in Provo, Utah. Her life’s work and contributions are also displayed at the 8th Route Army Museum in Xi’an and Gung Ho Museum in Fengxian.

Helen was the first recipient of the International Literary Prize for Understanding and Friendship by the China Literary Foundation, was honored as Friendship Ambassador by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, and was memorialized at the Great Hall of the People upon her death in 1997.

Helen Foster Snow Foundation

As Helen’s great nephew, I wish to continue Helen’s legacy. This is why I started the Helen Foster Snow Foundation in 2018, a non-profit based in the state of Utah in the US. Our mission is to preserve, promote, and continue Helen’s legacy of building bridges of international understanding between China and the rest of the world. Our vision is that by continuing her efforts, the relationship between the US and China becomes one of mutual respect and cooperation. This is especially significant today as we celebrate 2021 as the 90th year of Helen’s arrival to China. The Helen Foster Snow Foundation seeks to continue Helen’s legacy in 3 main areas:

The first is Culture and Education. The Helen Foster Snow Translation Award Competition hosted by Northwest University in Xi’an has become one of the most important language skill competitions in China over the last 9 years. It draws participation from over 200 universities in China with thousands of student submissions.

We support Chinese language learning in the US, and in the state of Utah, where we have 1/4 of the K-12 Chinese language learners in the entire country. We are also a co-host of this year’s Invention Convention, one of the largest K-12 invention activities in the world.

In collaboration with Jiangxi Province, our Foundation is working to establish a ceramic center in Salt Lake City, Utah over the next 3 years. The center will exhibit world famous Chinese ceramic art, provide instruction and classes to the community, and provide a platform for cultural exchange.

The second area is Business. According to the World Trade Center Utah, China is one of the state’s most important trading partners. We provide networking opportunities for businesses throughout the US and China to enable them to be successful abroad.

The third area is Local Government and People to People Dialogue. We work with government and community leaders to build dialogue and friendly ties, including people to people exchanges and outcome-based sister-city relationships between the US and China.

Our Hope

I’d like to close with one of my favorite quotes from Helen Foster Snow. As she said goodbye to her bodyguard Guo Shenhua who accompanied her during her return trip from Yan’an in 1937, Helen stated, “The great wall between China and the rest of the world seemed very far away. Here was the scrutable Chinese man in tears, as if leaving his dearest relative. This was grass-roots Chinese-American friendship. Never would I do anything to break this special relationship woven of such a few, fragile threads in a world where merciless swords cut at international understanding and natural human identities.”

On behalf of the Helen Foster Snow Foundation, we extend a hand of friendship to all who share the “Gung Ho” spirit as we build grass-roots US-China friendship together and ensure peace across the world.

作者：陳 醫

編輯：劉鑫慧