【來源】北大法寶英文譯本庫

【責任編輯】Mani

【聲明】本文由北大法寶編寫，轉載請註明來源。

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1. 銀保監會嚴防涉黑涉惡組織和個人進入銀行保險業

銀保監會近日發佈《中國銀保監會關於銀行業和保險業做好掃黑除惡專項鬥爭有關工作的通知》。

《通知》要求，各級監管機構要加強市場準入審查，嚴禁涉黑涉惡人員和組織參股、控股銀行保險機構，嚴禁涉黑涉惡人員擔任銀行保險機構的董事、監事、高級管理人員。

《通知》明確，對銀行業領域，要重點打擊非法設立從事或主要從事發放貸款業務的機構或非法業務中的下述行爲：利用非法集資資金髮放民間貸款的；以故意傷害、非法拘禁、侮辱、恐嚇、威脅、騷擾等非法手段催收貸款的；利用黑惡勢力開展或協助開展的；套取金融機構信貸資金，再高利進行轉貸的；面向在校學生非法發放貸款，發放無指定用途貸款，或以提供服務、銷售商品爲名，實際收取高額利息（費用）變相放貸的；銀行業金融機構工作人員和公務員作爲主要成員參與或實際控制人的。保險業領域要重點打擊有組織的保險詐騙活動。

1. CBIRC Strictly Prevents Any Criminal Syndicate-related Organization or Individual from Entering the Banking and Insurance Industry

The China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) recently issued the Notice of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on Effectively Launching the Special Criminal Syndicate Combat in the Banking and Insurance Industry.

The Notice specifies that regulatory agencies at all levels should tighten the market access examination, prohibit any criminal syndicate-related organization or individual from investing in or controlling banks or insurers, and forbid any criminal syndicate-related individual from serving as a director, a supervisor or a senior executive in banks or insurers.

According to the Notice, in the banking sector, focuses should be placed on cracking down on illegally established institutions engaging or mainly engaging in the loan business, or the following illegal acts in illegal business: private lending by using illegally raised funds; demanding repayment of loans by illegal means such as intentional infliction of injury, false imprisonment, insult, intimidation, threat, and harassment; operating by using the crime syndicate or with its assistance; relending at a high interest rate the credit funds illegally obtained from financial institutions; illegally providing loans to students in school, providing loans without definite purposes, or providing loans in a disguise form with actual collection of excessive interest or fees in the service supply or sale of goods, and practitioners of banking financial institutions serving as major members or actual controllers. In the insurance sector, the organized insurance frauds should be a focus.

2. 《關於適用＜中華人民共和國保險法＞若干問題的解釋（四）》發佈

2018年5月14日，最高人民法院審判委員會審議通過《最高人民法院關於適用若干問題的解釋（四）》，並將於2018年9月1日起施行。

《解釋（四）》遵循四項原則：一是堅持以人爲本，注重保護保險消費者合法權益；二是堅持平衡保護，促進保險業健康發展；三是尊重保險司法規律，恪守保險的一般原理；四是立足保險業發展現狀，預留未來創新空間。

《解釋（四）》共21個條文，主要包括以下四方面內容：（一）明確保險標的轉讓的相關問題；（二）明確保險合同主體的權利義務；（三）明確保險代位求償權的相關問題；（四）明確責任保險的相關問題。

2. Interpretation IV on the Application of the Insurance Law Issued

On May 14, 2018, the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court deliberated and adopted the Interpretation IV of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China, effective from September 1, 2018.

The Interpretation IV adheres to four principles: putting people first to protect the lawful rights and interests of insurance consumers, balanced protection for the healthy development of the insurance industry, respecting judicial principles and abiding by general principles of insurance, and reserving innovation space for the future based on the development status of the insurance industry.

With 21 articles in total, the Interpretation IV mainly specifies issues concerning the assignment of the subject matter insured, rights and obligations of parties to an insurance contract, insurance subrogation, and liability insurance.

3. 《行政事業性收費標準管理辦法》發佈

國家發展改革委、財政部日前印發《行政事業性收費標準管理辦法》。

《辦法》明確，收費標準實行中央和省兩級審批制度。未列入行政事業性收費目錄清單的收費項目，一律不得審批收費標準。重要收費項目的收費標準應當由國務院價格、財政部門審覈後報請國務院批准。地域成本差異較大的全國或者區域範圍內實施的收費標準，國務院價格、財政部門可以授權省級政府價格、財政部門審批。專業性強且類別較多的考試、註冊等收費，省級以上政府價格、財政部門可以制定收費標準的上限，由行業主管部門在上限範圍內確定具體收費標準。

《辦法》要求，除涉及國家祕密外，價格、財政部門應當及時將審批的收費標準告知申請單位，並向社會公佈。

3. Measures for the Administration of Administrative Charging Standards Issued

The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance recently issued the Measures for the Administration of Administrative Charging Standards.

The Measures clarify that the charging standards should be subject to a central and provincial two-level examination and approval system. For any charging item not on the list of administrative charges, its charging standards should not be examined and approved. The standards for important charging items should be reported to the State Council for approval after being examined by its price and finance departments. For the charging standards with regional disparity in costs across the country or in a certain area, the price and finance departments of the State Council may authorize the provincial relevant departments to conduct the examination and approval. For such charges as those for highly specialized examination and registration with various types, the price and finance departments at or above the provincial level may set upper limits for the charging standards, and competent departments should determine the specific standards within the scope.

The Measures also require that, unless any state secret is involved, the price and finance departments should notify applicants of the approved charging standards in a timely manner, and announce it to the public.

4. 《關於依法妥善審理民間借貸案件的通知》發佈

最高法日前下發《關於依法妥善審理民間借貸案件的通知》。

《通知》要求各級人民法院充分發揮民商事審判工作的評價、教育、指引功能，妥善審理民間借貸糾紛案件，防範化解各類風險。

《通知》提出，要加大對借貸事實和證據的審查力度；要嚴格區分民間借貸行爲與詐騙等犯罪行爲；要依法嚴守法定利率紅線；要建立民間借貸糾紛防範和解決機制。

4. SPC calls for Properly Trying Private Lending Cases

The Supreme People's Court (SPC) recently issued the Notice on Properly Trying Private Lending Cases according to the Law.

The Notice requires people's courts at all levels to give full play to the evaluation, education and guidance function of civil and commercial trials, properly try cases of private lending disputes, and prevent and dissolve all kinds of risks.

According to the Notice, the review on lending facts and evidence should be strengthened; the private lending and such criminal acts as fraud should be strictly distinguished; the red lines for legal interest rates should be strictly adhered to according to the law; and the mechanism for preventing and settling disputes over private lending should be established.

5. 《關於對失信主體加強信用監管的通知》發佈

8月2日，發改委辦公廳、人民銀行辦公廳發佈了《關於對失信主體加強信用監管的通知》。《通知》自發布之日起試行，有效期截至2020年12月31日。

《通知》要求一方面要促使失信主體加快整改失信行爲、消除不良影響、修復自身信用；另一方面要加大失信成本，引導各類主體依法誠信經營，保持良好的信用記錄。

《通知》明確，對失信主體加強信用監管，必須要督促失信主體限期整改，規範開展失信提示和警示約談，有序推動失信信息社會公示，加強失信信息廣泛共享，加強失信信息定向推送，全面落實失信聯合懲戒措施，追溯失信單位負責人責任。此外，《通知》還規定了引導失信主體開展公開信用承諾，建立失信主體提交信用報告制度， 積極穩妥開展信用修復等措施。

5. Notice on Strengthening Credit Regulation on Dishonest Participants Issued

On August 2, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission and the General Office of the People's Bank of China issued the Notice on Strengthening Credit Regulation on Dishonest Participants, which came into force on a trial basis upon issuance and remain in force until December 31, 2020.

The Notice requires that, on one hand, dishonest entities should be urged to speed up the rectification of their dishonest acts, eliminate the adverse impacts and repair their own credit; on the other hand, the cost of dishonesty should be raised to guide all kinds of entities to operate in good faith according to the law and maintain a good credit record.

According to the Notice, the credit regulation on dishonest parties must be enhanced by urging them to take corrective action within a prescribed time limit, giving them a warning or dimonishment interview in a regulated manner, orderly promoting the dishonesty information disclosure, strengthening the wide-ranging sharing of dishonesty information, intensifying the targeted push of dishonesty information, comprehensively implementing the joint punishment measures against dishonest acts, tracing the responsibilities of their persons in charge, directing them to make public credit commitments, establishing the system of submiting a credit report, and actively and steadily carrying out the credit restoration, among others.

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